Chapter 9: Urinary System Flashcards
-cele
hernia, tumor, swelling
cyst/o
urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid
dia-
through, between, apart, complete
glomerul/o
glomerulus
hydr/o
water
lith/o
stone, calculus
-lysis
breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening
nephr/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis, bowl of kidney
-tripsy
to crush
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
-uria
urination, urine
vesic/o
urinary bladder
microscopic functional units
site of urine production using filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
nephron
distention (swelling) of ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction
hydroureter
discharge of blood from the ureter
ureterrhagia
any disease of the kidney
nephropathy
results from renal failure; kidney function is compromised
urea and waste products normally secreted in urine are retained in blood
uremia
sudden onset and is characterized by uremia
acute renal failure
progressive loss of renal function over months or years
build up of waste in blood can be a contributing factor in heart attacks and stroke
chronic kidney disease
aka kidney failure
final stage of chronic kidney disease
fatal without dialysis or a successful kidney transplant
end-stage renal disease
group of conditions when excessive amounts of protein are lost through urine
nephrotic syndrome
abnormally high concentrations of protein in urine
hyperproteinuria
abnormally low concentrations of protein in blood
hypoproteinemia
congenital conditions
one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney
ectopic kidney
dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys
hydronephrosis
inflammation of the glomeruli
red blood cells and protein leak into urine
glomerulonephritis
genetic disorder
numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
polycystic kidney disease
acute pain caused by a blockage during passage of a kidney stone
renal colic
abnormal mineral deposit formed within the body
kidney stone
presence of stones in the kidney
travel w flow of urine
nephrolithiasis
kidney stone or renal calculus found in the kidney
nephrolith
stone located anywhere along the ureter
ureterolith
stone located within urinary bladder
cystolith
hernia of bladder though vaginal wall
cystocele
chronic inflammation within walls of bladder
interstitial cystitis
interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
neurogenic bladder
enlarged prostate
benign prostatic hyperplasia
compression/obstruction of urethra
prostatism
bleeding from urethra
urethrorrhagia
narrowing of urethra
exclusive to men
urethristenosis
male: opening located on upper surface of penis
female: opening at region of clitoris
epispadias
male: opening on ventral surface of penis
female: opens into vagina
hypospadias
absence of urine formation
anuria
scant urination
oliguria
increased output of urine
diuresis
difficult, painful urination
dysuria
urinary incontinence during sleep
nocturnal enuresis
frequent, excessive urination during the night
nocturia
excessive urination
polyuria
insertion of a tube into the bladder
urinary catheterization
examination of urinary bladder using a specialized type of endoscope
cystoscopy
x-ray images of kidneys, ureters, and bladder using an intravenous contrast medium to clearly visualize the structures
intravenous pyelogram
fluoroscopy used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder through the urethra
voiding cystourethrography
procedure to remove waste products
dialysis
waste products are filtered directly from patients blood
hemodialysis
surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephrolysis
placement of catheter to maintain opening from pelvis of one or both kidneys to exterior of body
nephrostomy
surgical incision into renal pelvis
pyelotomy
most common kidney stone treatment
uses high-energy
extracorpeal shockwave lithotripsy
surgical removal of a nephrolith
performed through a small incision
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
inserting a catheter through an incision
suprapubic catheterization
surgical repair of damage/defect in walls of urethra
urethroplasty
surgical incision into urethra to relieve stricture
urethrotomy
use of resectoscope to remove excess tissue from enlarged prostate gland
transurethral prostatectomy
term used to describe some treatments of prostate cancer
ablation
inflammation of the bladder
cystitis
excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney disease
edema
inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both
incontinence
lining of peritoneal cavity acts as a filter to remove waste from the blood
peritoneal dialysis
inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidney
pyelonephritis
removal of excess tissue from enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope
transurethral prostatectomy
inflammation of urethra
urethritis
abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from bladder into vagina
vesicovaginal fistula
a rare malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children
wilms tumor
