Chapter 4: The Muscular System Flashcards
bi-
twice, double, two
clon/o
violent action
dys-
bad, difficult, or painful
fasci/o
fascia, fibrous band
fibr/o
fibrous tissue, fiber
-ia
abnormal condition, disease
-ic
pertaining to
kines/o, kinesi/o
movement
-lysis
to set free, breakdown
my/o
muscle
-plegia
paralysis, stroke
tax/o
coordination, order
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
ton/o
tone, stretching, tension
tri-
three
movement of a limb away from the midline
abduction
movement towards the mind line
adduction
band of fibrous tissue holding structures together abnormally
adhesion
lack of muscle coordination leading to clumsy, uncontrolled movement
ataxia
loss of muscle tone or tension
atonic
weakness/wearing away of tissues and structures
atrophy
extreme slowness in movement
bradykinesia
tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused
carpal tunnel syndrome
profound fatigue not improved by best rest and may be worsened by physical or mental activity
chronic fatigue syndrome
circular movement at the far end of a limb
circumduction
swelling within the compartment that separates groups of muscles in the arm or leg
compartment syndrome
permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues
contracture
bending the foot upward at the ankle
decreasing angle between top of the foot and front of the leg
dorsiflexion
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions
dyskinesia
measures electrical activity within muscles fibers in response to nerve stimulation
electromyography
inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow
epicondylitis
study of human factors affecting design and operation of tools and the work environment
ergonomics
inflammation of fascia
fasciitis
chronic conditions characterized by fatigue and pain
fibromyalgia
benign, fluid-filled bump usually on the outer surface of the wrist or hand
ganglion cyst
calcium deposits in plantar fascia near attachment to the calcaneus
heel spur
partial weakness of one side of the body
hemiparesis
total paralysis of one side of the body
hemiplegia
tissue protruding through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it
hernia
abnormal increased muscle function or activity
hyperkinesia
diminished tone of skeletal muscles
hypotonia
inflammation and swelling of tendons in space between bones within the shoulder joint
impingement syndrome
the process of supplying nerves to a body part to regulate its functions
innervation
point where a muscle or ligament attaches to a bone or another part of the body
insertion
a condition where leg pain or cramping occurs during exercise or walking and is relieved quickly
intermittent claudication
progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles
general term
muscular dystrophy
chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction
myasthenia gravis
quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
myoclonus
soft tissue manipulation technique to ease pain
myofascial release
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
myoparesis
suturing a muscle
myorrhaphy
external and internal
found in abdomen
oblique
attachment point to a bone
origin
partial paralysis
paralysis of both legs and lower parts of the body
paraplegia
inflammation of plantar fascia on sole of foot
plantar fasciitis
inflammation weakening voluntary muscles
polymyositis
palm of hand/sole of foot is backward/downward
pronation
paralysis of all 4 extremities
quadriplegia
loss of muscle mass/strength/function
sarcopenia
tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the shin bone
shin splint
myoclonus of the diaphragm
singultus
injury to a joint usually due to wrenching or tearing of a ligament
sprain
surgical procedure to release a tendon from its adhesions
tenolysis
inflammation of a sheath surround a tendon
tenosynovitis
cutting or releasing a tendon
tenotomy
stiff neck
torticollis
