Chapter 8: Digestive System Flashcards
an/o
anus, ring
chol/e
bile, gall
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
col/o, colon/o
colon, large intestine
-emesis
vomiting
enter/o
small intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach, belly
hepat/o
liver
-lithiasis
presence of stone
-pepsia
digest, digestion
-phagia
eating, swallowing
proct/o
anus and rectum
rect/o
rectum, straight
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
wave like contractions moving food forward into the digestive system
peristalsis
rumbling noises caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
borborygmus
white precancerous lesion developing on tongue and inside of neck
leukoplakia
crack-like sores at corners of mouth
cheilosis
restriction of opening of mouth
caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation of oral cancer
trismus
lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by salivary glands
xerostomia
inflammation of mucosa of the mouth
stomatitis
any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth
malocclusion
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease
enlarged, swollen veins at lower end of esophagus
can cause severe bleeding if one of these veins rupture
esophageal varices
a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
gastric motility slows down
causes delayed gastric emptying
gastroparesis
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
peptic ulcer disease
physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass
cachexia
excessive accumulation of fat in the body
more than 20-30% over established weight standards for height, age, etc.
obesity
excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking
aerophagia
pain or discomfort during the digestion process
dyspepsia (indegestion)
burp!
eructation
vomiting of coagulated blood
hematemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
hyperemesis
return of swallowed food into the mouth
regurgitation
inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by severe reaction to food containing gluten
damages villi of small intestine leading to malabsoption
celiac disease
mushroom-like growth from the surface of the mucous membrane
may be benign or malignant
polyp
chronic presence of abnormal number of sacs formed in weak spots of the colon wall
diverticulosis
inflammation or infection of one or more sacs in the colon
diverticulitis
inflammation of small intestine
may be viral or bacterial
enteritis
partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine
due to decrease in peristalsis
may occur temporarily after abdominal surgery
ileus
chronic, repeated episodes of inflammation in the innermost lining of the rectum and large intestine causing ulcers and irritation
ulcerative colitis
chronic, autoimmune disorder occurring anywhere in the digestive tract
permeates every layer of affected tissue
Crohn’s disease
twisting of the intestine on itself
volvulus
profusion of loop of bowel through weak place in lower abdominal wall
inguinal hernia
transmitted by feces through direct contact with animals or eating contaminated foods, unpasteurized milk, and cheese products
salmonellosis
black, tarry, foul-smelling feces
usually indicates bleeding in upper part of GI tract
melena
abnormal accumulation of serous fluids in abdominal cavity
may be result of severe liver disease
ascites
yellow discoloration of skin, mucous membranes, and eyes
due to increased bilirubin in blood
jaundice
inflammation of the liver
usually caused by a viral infection
hepatitis
chronic degenerative disease of liver
cirrhosis
acute inflammation of bile duct
usually caused by bacterial infection
cholangitis
inflammation of gallbladder
often associated with gallstones
cholecystitis
presence of gallstones in gallbladder or bile ducts
cholelithiasis
radiographic examination of bile ducts with the use of contrast medium
cholangiography
placement of solution into rectum/colon to empty the lower intestine
enema
allows direct visualization of upper GI tract
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
direct visual examination of inner surface of the entire colon from rectum to cecum
colonoscopy
endoscopic examination of interior of rectum, signed colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon
sigmoidoscopy
laboratory test for hidden blood in stool
hemoccult test
profession cleaning of teeth
dental prophylaxis
prevents or relieves nausea/vomiting
antiemetic
placement of feeding tube from exterior of body directly into stomach to provide nutrition
gastrostomy tube
excretory opening between the colon and body surface
colostomy
connects two hollow, or tubular, structures
anastomosis
anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and duodenum
gastroduodenostomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases
bariatrics
gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth
canker sores
a visual examination of internal structures
endoscopy
placement of a nasogastric feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach
nasogastric intubation
surgical repair of a cleft plate
palatoplasty
a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
proctologist
