Chapter 9 Urinary System Flashcards
Azotemia
Increase in blood urea nitrogen caused by lack of blood flow to each kidney
Uremia
Toxic condition resulting from renal failure
Acute Renal Failure
Sudden onset characterized by uremia
Chronic Kidney Disease
Progressive loss of renal function over months or years
End-stage renal disease
Final stage of CKD and is fatal unless kidney function is replaced by dialysis or a total kidney replacement
Nephrotic syndrome
Group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine
Edema
Excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be sumptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases
Ectopic Kidney
congenital condition in which one kidney is in an abnormal position
hydronephrosis
Dilation of one or both kidneys
Glomerulonephritis
Type of nephritis caused by the inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine
Pyonephrosis
Suppuration of the kidneys (formation of pus)
Polycystic kidney disease
Genetic disorder characterized by the groth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
Renal Colic
Acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a nephrolith (kidney stone)
Wilms Tumor Nephroblastoma
Rare malignant tumor of the kidney in young children
Nephrolithiasis
Presence of a kidney stone
-lithiasis
presence of a sonte
Cystolith
Stone located in the urinary bladder
Ureterolith
Stone located anywhere along the ureter
Hydroureter
Swelling of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of ureteral obstruction
Ureterorrhagia
Discharge of blood from the ureter
-rrhagia
bleeding
Cystalgia
Pain in the bladder
Cystocele
Prolapsed bladder
Interstitial cystitis
Chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
Vesicoureteral reflux
Backward flow of urine into the ureters from the bladder
Vesicovanginal fistula
Abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina
Neurogenic bladder
urinary problem caused by interference with normal nerve pathways associated with urination
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men over 50
Prostatism
Disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
Urethorrhagia
Bleeding from the urethra
Urethrostenosis
Narrowing of the urethra
Epispadias
Congenital abnormality of the urethral opening
Hypospadias
Congenital abnormality of the urethral opening
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the both the renal pelvis and kidney
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra
Oliguria
Scanty urination
Polyuria
excessive urination and is a common symptom of diabetes
Intravenous pyelogram
set of x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using an intravenous contrast medium to visualize the structures
Retrograde pyelogram
x-ray of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been instilled in one or both ureters through a sterile catheter
voiding cystourethrography
diagnostic procedure in which floroscopy is used to examine the flow of urine through the bladder and through the urethra
Nephrolysis
surgical freeing of the kidney from adhesions
nephrostomy
placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelivs of one or both kidneys to the exterior
pyelotomy
surgical incision into the renal pelvis
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
most common kidney stone treatment
-tripsy
to crush
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision
ileal conduit
the piece of intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma placed in the abdomen
cystorraphy
surgical suturing of a wound of the bladder
lithotomy
surgical incision for the removeal of a nephrolith from the bladder
Ablation
removal or destruction of its function
transurethral prostatectomy
removal of exvess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a retroscope
