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Med Term > Chapter 8 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsum

A

Upper surface of the tongue

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2
Q

Periodontium

A

Structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth

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3
Q

Odonti

A

Teeth

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4
Q

Gingiva

A

Gums

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5
Q

Sulcus

A

Area of space between a tooth and the surrounding gingiva

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6
Q

occlusion

A

Any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth

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7
Q

Enamel

A

Hardest substance in the body

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8
Q

Roots

A

Held in place by dental arch

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9
Q

Cervix

A

Neck of the tooth

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10
Q

Dentin

A

Portion that is above the gum line and covered with enamel

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11
Q

Pulp Cavity

A

Area within the crown and roots of the tooth that is surrounded by the dentin to protect the pulp

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12
Q

Pulp

A

Rich supply of blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrients and innervention to the tooth

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13
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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14
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

A

Sphincter inbetween stomach and esophagus

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15
Q

Rugae

A

Folds in the mucosa lining allowing the stomach to increase and decrease in size, also has glands that produce gastric juices

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16
Q

Gastric juices

A

Enzymes and hydrochloric acid begin food digestion

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17
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Base of stomach that controls food from going from stomach to duodenum

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18
Q

Small intestine order

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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19
Q

Pylorus

A

narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine

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20
Q

ileocecal sphincter

A

Sphincter that controls the flow from the ileum to cecum

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21
Q

Vermiform appendix

A

Hangs from cecum, made of lymphoid tissue

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22
Q

Cecum

A

below iliocecal sphincter

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23
Q

sigmoid

A

Curved like letter S

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24
Q

Anus

A

Internal and external anal sphincter

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25
Q

Ano

A

Anus

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26
Q

Rect

A

Rectum

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27
Q

Bile

A

Aids in digestion of fats, necessary for the digestion of fat

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28
Q

Chol/e

A

Bile

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29
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreated in bile

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30
Q

Biliary tree

A

provides channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine

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31
Q

Common hepatic duct

A

Billiary channels connected into one trunk

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32
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile for later use, can contract to squeeze out bile through biliary tree

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33
Q

Cholecyst

A

Gallbladder

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34
Q

Pancreas

A

Secretes pancreatic juices to aid in digestion and sodium bicarb to neutralize stomach acid

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35
Q

Metabol

A

Change

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36
Q

Anabolism

A

Building up body cells from nutrients

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37
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking down of body cells releasing energy and carbon dioxide

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38
Q

Lacteals

A

Lymphatic vessels that absorb fats and fat soluable vitamins to be transported to the bloodstream

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39
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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40
Q

Bolus

A

Mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed

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41
Q

Chyme

A

Semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach through byloric sphincter to small intestine

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42
Q

Duodenum

A

Chyme mixes with pancreatic juice and bile (breaks down fat globules)

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43
Q

Jejunum

A

Secreates large amounts of digestive enzymes

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44
Q

Ileum

A

Absorbtion of nutrients

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45
Q

Borborygmus

A

Rubling noise caused by the movement of gas in intestine

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46
Q

Bariatrics

A

Branch of medicine concerned with prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases

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47
Q

enter

A

Small intestine

48
Q

Peridontist

A

Dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surroudning the teeth

49
Q

Proctologist

A

Physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

50
Q

Proct

A

anus and rectum

51
Q

Canker Sores (aphthous ulcers)

A

Gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth

52
Q

Cheilitis

A

Inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

53
Q

Cheil

54
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Abnormal white usually benign lesion that develops on the tongue or inside of cheek

55
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

56
Q

Stomat

A

Mouth or oral cavity

57
Q

Trismus

A

Lockjaw restriction of the mouth caused by trama, surgery, or radiation

58
Q

Xerostomia

59
Q

Xer/o

60
Q

Bruxism

A

Involuntary grinding of teeth

61
Q

Dental caries

62
Q

Dental plaque

A

Major cause of dental caries and peridontal disease

63
Q

Edentulous

A

Without teeth

64
Q

Halitosis

A

Bad breath

65
Q

Halit

66
Q

Malocclusion

A

Any deviation from the normal position of upper teeth against lower teeth

67
Q

odont

A

Tooth or teeth

68
Q

Dental calculus

A

Tartar dental plaque that has calcified on the teeth

69
Q

Gingivitis

A

earliest stage of peridontal disease

70
Q

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

A

abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth

71
Q

Eosinophilic Esophagitis

A

Chronic immune system disease in which eosinophils builds up in the esophagus resulting in allergies to certain foods

72
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

upward flow of acid from the stomach to the esophagus

73
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

Cells in the epithelial tissues of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure

74
Q

Stricture

A

Abnormally narrow esophagus from scar tissue

75
Q

Pyrosis

A

Heart Burn

76
Q

Esophageal Carices

A

Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

77
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

Portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through the diaphragm

78
Q

Gastritis

A

Common inflammation of the stomach lining that causes nausea and vomiting

79
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines

80
Q

Gastroparesis

A

Condition in whihc gastric motility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying

81
Q

Paresis

A

Partial paralysis

82
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

Characterized by sores that affect the mucous membrane of the digestive system

83
Q

Pept

84
Q

Perforated Ulcer

A

Complication of a peptic ulcer in whihc the ulcer erodes through the entire thickness of the organ wall

85
Q

Cachexia

A

condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with dieases such as advanced aids and cancer

86
Q

Malabsorbtion

A

Condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients that pass through

87
Q

malnutrition

A

Lack of proper food or nutrients in the body

88
Q

Aerophagia

A

Excess air swallowing

89
Q

Dypepsia

A

Indigestion

90
Q

Emesis

91
Q

Eruction

A

Belching or raising gas orally

92
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting coagulated blood

93
Q

Hypermesis

A

Extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

94
Q

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

A

can cause gastrointestinal upset (gas, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, nausea

95
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula formed in weak spots

96
Q

Diverticul

A

Diverticulum

97
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of one or more diverticulum in the colon

98
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea

99
Q

Ileus

A

Partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine

100
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

Chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestines cause ulcers and irratation

101
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Autoimmune disorder that attacks any type of digestive tract, penetrates every layer of affected track unlike Ulcerative Colitis

102
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestine

103
Q

Rectocele

A

Bulging of the front wall of the rectrum into the vagina

104
Q

-cele

105
Q

Hematochezia

A

Presence of bright red bool in stool

106
Q

Melena

A

Black tarry foul-smelling stools

107
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Presence of excess fat in the stool

108
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal caity

109
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

110
Q

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

A

More serious than NAFLD with fatty accumulations and liver-damaging inflammation

111
Q

Seat/o

112
Q

Cholangitis

A

Acute inflammation of the bile duct

113
Q

Chonlang

114
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Precesnse of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

115
Q

-occult

116
Q

Occlusal splint

A

prevents teeth grinding

Med Term (11 decks)

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