Chapter 8 Digestive System Flashcards
Dorsum
Upper surface of the tongue
Periodontium
Structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth
Odonti
Teeth
Gingiva
Gums
Sulcus
Area of space between a tooth and the surrounding gingiva
occlusion
Any contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth
Enamel
Hardest substance in the body
Roots
Held in place by dental arch
Cervix
Neck of the tooth
Dentin
Portion that is above the gum line and covered with enamel
Pulp Cavity
Area within the crown and roots of the tooth that is surrounded by the dentin to protect the pulp
Pulp
Rich supply of blood vessels and nerves that provide nutrients and innervention to the tooth
Deglutition
Swallowing
Lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)
Sphincter inbetween stomach and esophagus
Rugae
Folds in the mucosa lining allowing the stomach to increase and decrease in size, also has glands that produce gastric juices
Gastric juices
Enzymes and hydrochloric acid begin food digestion
Pyloric sphincter
Base of stomach that controls food from going from stomach to duodenum
Small intestine order
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Pylorus
narrow passage that connects the stomach with the small intestine
ileocecal sphincter
Sphincter that controls the flow from the ileum to cecum
Vermiform appendix
Hangs from cecum, made of lymphoid tissue
Cecum
below iliocecal sphincter
sigmoid
Curved like letter S
Anus
Internal and external anal sphincter
Ano
Anus
Rect
Rectum
Bile
Aids in digestion of fats, necessary for the digestion of fat
Chol/e
Bile
Bilirubin
Pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreated in bile
Biliary tree
provides channels through which bile is transported from the liver to the small intestine
Common hepatic duct
Billiary channels connected into one trunk
Gallbladder
Stores bile for later use, can contract to squeeze out bile through biliary tree
Cholecyst
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Secretes pancreatic juices to aid in digestion and sodium bicarb to neutralize stomach acid
Metabol
Change
Anabolism
Building up body cells from nutrients
Catabolism
Breaking down of body cells releasing energy and carbon dioxide
Lacteals
Lymphatic vessels that absorb fats and fat soluable vitamins to be transported to the bloodstream
Mastication
Chewing
Bolus
Mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed
Chyme
Semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes out of the stomach through byloric sphincter to small intestine
Duodenum
Chyme mixes with pancreatic juice and bile (breaks down fat globules)
Jejunum
Secreates large amounts of digestive enzymes
Ileum
Absorbtion of nutrients
Borborygmus
Rubling noise caused by the movement of gas in intestine
Bariatrics
Branch of medicine concerned with prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases