Chapter 9 The Vascular System Flashcards
Tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels
Vasa Vasorum
Inner layer of the vascular system
Tunica intima
Minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems
Capillaries
Communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network
Anastomosis
Outer layer of the vascular system, contains the vasa vasorum
Tunica adventitia
Middle layer of the vascular system; veins have thinner tunica media than arteries
Tunic media
Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to supply the kidney
Right renal artery
Arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus
Left gastric artery
Supplies the gall bladder via the cystic artery
Right hepatic artery
Vascular structures that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
Arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver
Common hepatic artery
Supplies the stomach
Right gastric artery
Branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum
Gastroduodenal artery
Arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and the small intestine
SMA
The abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into these, which supply blood to the lower extremities
Common Iliac arteries
Arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon sigmoid colon and rectum
IMA
Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney
Left renal artery
Largest arterial structure in the body arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to the head upper and lower extremities and abdominopelvic cavity
Aorta
Small branch supplying the caudate and left lobes of the liver
Left hepatic artery
Arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen pancreas stomach and greater omentum
Splenic artery
Drains the spleen travels horizontally across abdomen
splenic vein
Collaspsible vascular structures that carry blood back to the heart
Veins
Formed by the union of the SMV and spenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver
Portal vein
Drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein
IMV
Drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine travels verically(anterior to the IVC) to join the splenic to form the portal veins
SMV
Three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the IVC at the level of the diaphragm
Hepatic veins
Leaves the renal hilum travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the SMA to enter the lateral wall of the IVC
Left renal vein
Largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart
IVC
Leaves the renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the IVC
Right renal vein
Disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening
Arteriosclerosis
Condition in which the aortic wall becomes irregular from plaque formation
Atherosclerosis
Tear in the intima or media of the abdominal aorta
Dissecting aneurysm
Permanent localized dilatation of an artery with an increase of 1.5 times its normal diameter
Aneurysm
Periportal collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction
Cavernous transformation of the portal vein
Circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both ends
Fusiform aneurysm
Weakening of the arterial wall
Cystic medial necrosis
Pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissue abutting the punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal
Pseudoaneurysm
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
TIPS
Most commonly results from intrinsic liver disease however also results from obstruction of the portal vein hepatic veins IVC or prolonged congestive heart failure may cause flow reversal to the liver thrombosis of the portal system or cavernous transformation of the portal vein
Portal venous hypertension
Communication between an artery and a vein
Arteriovenous fistula
Localized dilatation of the vessel
Saccular aneurysm
Thrombosis of the hepatic veins
Budd Chiari syndrome
Hereditary disorder of connective tissue bones muscles ligaments and skeletal structures
Marfan syndrome
Permanent dilation of an artery that forms when tensile strength of the arterial wall decreases
True aneurysm
Vessels that have high diastlic component and supply organs that need constant perfusion
Nonresistive
Flow toward the liver
Hepatopetal
Peak systole minus peak diatle divided by peak systole
Resistive Index
Flow away from the liver
Hepatofugal
Vessels that have little or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply
Resistive
Increased turbulence is seen within the spectal tracing that indicates flow disturbance
Spectal broadening
Sonographer selects the exact site to record Doppler signals and sets the sample volume (gate) at this site.
Doppler sample volume
