Chapter 8 Intro to Abdominal Scanning: Techniques and Protocols H&A

Question 1

Not uniform in texture or composition

Answer 1

Heterogeneous

Question 2

Usually refers to a diffuse disease process or metastatic disease

Answer 2

Infiltrating

Question 3

Echo-producing structure; reflects sound with a brighter intensity

Answer 3

Echogenic or hyperechoic

Question 4

Interface between two fluids with different acoustic characteristics. This level will change with patient position

Answer 4

Fluid-fluid level

Question 5

Very close to the normal parenchymal echogenicity pattern

Answer 5

Isoechoic

Question 6

Sound that travels through an anechoic (fluid-filled) substance and is not attenuated. There is increased brightness directly beyond the posterior border of the anechoic structure as compared with the surrounding area.

Answer 6

Enhancement, increased through transmission

Question 7

Completely uniform in texture or composition

Answer 7

Homogeneous

Question 8

Borders are not well defined, are ill-defined, or are not present.

Answer 8

Irregular borders

Question 9

Low-level echoes within a structure

Answer 9

Hypoechoic

Question 10

Sound beam is attenuated by a solid or calcified object

Answer 10

Shadowing

Question 11

Well-defined borders with internal echoes; the septa may be thin (likely benign) or thick (likely malignant).

Answer 11

Loculated mass

Question 12

Without internal echoes; the structure is fluid filled and transmits sound easily

Answer 12

Anechoic or sonolucent

Question 13

All transverse supine scans are oriented with the liver on the “?” of the screen

Answer 13

Left

Question 14

what three terms are used to describe various textures of the border of a structure?

Answer 14

Smooth, well- defined, and irregular

Question 15

What two terms may be used to identify the texture of a structure?

Answer 15

Homogeneous and heterogeneous

Question 16

List the three terms that describe the transmission of sound

Answer 16

Increased, unchanged, and decreased

Question 17

List the five sonographic and medical terms that describe the characteristics of an organ or mass

Answer 17

Anechoic, hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic, and echogenic

Question 18

Describe a cystic mas

Answer 18

Smooth, well- defined borders, anechoic increased through- transmission

Question 19

Describe a solid mass

Answer 19

Irregular borders, internal echoes, decreased through- transmission

Question 20

Describe a complex mass

Answer 20

Characteristics of both cystic and solid

Question 21

Longitudinal scans present the patients head to the “?” and feet to the “?” of the screen and use the xiphoid, umbilicus, or symphysis to denote the midline of the scan plane

Answer 21

left, right

Question 22

The position of the patient should be described in relation to the “?”

Answer 22

scanning table

Question 23

Variations in the patient’s respiration may help eliminate “?” interference and improve image quality

Answer 23

rib

Question 24

Patient’s should be instructed not to eat or drink anything for”?” hours before the abdominal ultrasound procedure

Answer 24

6 to 8

Question 25

Longitudinal scans present the patients head to the “?” and feet to the “?” of the screen and use the xiphoid, umbilicus, or symphysis to denote the midline of the scan plane

Answer 25

left, right

Question 26

The position of the patient should be described in relation to the “?”

Answer 26

scanning table

Question 27

Variations in the patient’s respiration may help eliminate “?” interference and improve image quality

Answer 27

rib

Question 28

Patient’s should be instructed not to eat or drink anything for”?” hours before the abdominal ultrasound procedure

Answer 28

6 to 8

Question 29

Identify the structures that are included in a survey of the baseline upper abdominal ultrasound examination

Answer 29

Liver and porta hepatis, vascular structures, biliary system, pancreas, kidneys, spleen, and para-aortic area

Question 30

In Doppler imaging, flow toward the transducer is positive, or “?” whereas flow away from the tranducer is negative, or “?”

Answer 30

Above the baseline; below the baseline

Question 31

Arterial flow pulsates with the cardiac cycle and shows its maximal peak during the “?” part of the cycle

Answer 31

Systolic

Question 32

A phasic pattern may be seen in the “?” (near the heart) that is associated with overload of the right ventricle

Answer 32

hepatic veins

Question 33

Well -defined with thin septs, increased transmission

Answer 33

Lobulated cyst

Question 34

May have irregular borders and debris within ; transmission may or may not be increased

Answer 34

Abcess

Question 35

Has a uniform texture within

Answer 35

Homogeneous mass

Question 36

Has a nonuniform texture within

Answer 36

Heterogeneous mass

Question 37

Has a distorted architecture, irregular borders, and decreased transmission

Answer 37

Infiltrating mass