Chapter 8 Intro to Abdominal Scanning: Techniques and Protocols H&A Flashcards
Not uniform in texture or composition
Heterogeneous
Usually refers to a diffuse disease process or metastatic disease
Infiltrating
Echo-producing structure; reflects sound with a brighter intensity
Echogenic or hyperechoic
Interface between two fluids with different acoustic characteristics. This level will change with patient position
Fluid-fluid level
Very close to the normal parenchymal echogenicity pattern
Isoechoic
Sound that travels through an anechoic (fluid-filled) substance and is not attenuated. There is increased brightness directly beyond the posterior border of the anechoic structure as compared with the surrounding area.
Enhancement, increased through transmission
Completely uniform in texture or composition
Homogeneous
Borders are not well defined, are ill-defined, or are not present.
Irregular borders
Low-level echoes within a structure
Hypoechoic
Sound beam is attenuated by a solid or calcified object
Shadowing
Well-defined borders with internal echoes; the septa may be thin (likely benign) or thick (likely malignant).
Loculated mass
Without internal echoes; the structure is fluid filled and transmits sound easily
Anechoic or sonolucent
All transverse supine scans are oriented with the liver on the “?” of the screen
Left
what three terms are used to describe various textures of the border of a structure?
Smooth, well- defined, and irregular
What two terms may be used to identify the texture of a structure?
Homogeneous and heterogeneous
List the three terms that describe the transmission of sound
Increased, unchanged, and decreased
List the five sonographic and medical terms that describe the characteristics of an organ or mass
Anechoic, hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic, and echogenic
Describe a cystic mas
Smooth, well- defined borders, anechoic increased through- transmission
Describe a solid mass
Irregular borders, internal echoes, decreased through- transmission
Describe a complex mass
Characteristics of both cystic and solid
Longitudinal scans present the patients head to the “?” and feet to the “?” of the screen and use the xiphoid, umbilicus, or symphysis to denote the midline of the scan plane
left, right
The position of the patient should be described in relation to the “?”
scanning table
Variations in the patient’s respiration may help eliminate “?” interference and improve image quality
rib
Patient’s should be instructed not to eat or drink anything for”?” hours before the abdominal ultrasound procedure
6 to 8
Longitudinal scans present the patients head to the “?” and feet to the “?” of the screen and use the xiphoid, umbilicus, or symphysis to denote the midline of the scan plane
left, right
The position of the patient should be described in relation to the “?”
scanning table
Variations in the patient’s respiration may help eliminate “?” interference and improve image quality
rib
Patient’s should be instructed not to eat or drink anything for”?” hours before the abdominal ultrasound procedure
6 to 8
Identify the structures that are included in a survey of the baseline upper abdominal ultrasound examination
Liver and porta hepatis, vascular structures, biliary system, pancreas, kidneys, spleen, and para-aortic area
In Doppler imaging, flow toward the transducer is positive, or “?” whereas flow away from the tranducer is negative, or “?”
Above the baseline; below the baseline
Arterial flow pulsates with the cardiac cycle and shows its maximal peak during the “?” part of the cycle
Systolic
A phasic pattern may be seen in the “?” (near the heart) that is associated with overload of the right ventricle
hepatic veins
Well -defined with thin septs, increased transmission
Lobulated cyst
May have irregular borders and debris within ; transmission may or may not be increased
Abcess
Has a uniform texture within
Homogeneous mass
Has a nonuniform texture within
Heterogeneous mass
Has a distorted architecture, irregular borders, and decreased transmission
Infiltrating mass
