Chapter 13 The Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Ascending colon arises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon

A

Hepatic flexure

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2
Q

First part of the duodenum

A

Duodenal bulb

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3
Q

Double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum stomach and large intestine helps support the greater curvature of the stomach known as the “fatty apron”

A

Greater omentum

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4
Q

Help support the greater curvature of the stomach

A

Gastrophrenic gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments

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5
Q

Fold from the parietal peritoneum that attaches to the small intestine anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall

A

Mesentery

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6
Q

Also known as the digestive tract includes the mouth pharynx esophagus stomach duodenum and small and large intestine

A

Alimentary canal

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7
Q

Inner folds of the small intestine

A

vili

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8
Q

Entrance of the esophagus into the stomach

A

Cardiac Orifice

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9
Q

First layer of bowel

A

Mucosa

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10
Q

Helps suport the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

Gastrohepatic ligament

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11
Q

The transverse colon travels horizontally across the abdomen and bends at this point to form the descending colon

A

Splenic flexure

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12
Q

One of the layers of the bowel under the mucosal layer contains blood vessels and lymph channels

A

Submucosa

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13
Q

Normal segmentation of the wall of the colon

A

Haustra

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14
Q

Suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver helps to support the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

Lesser omentum

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15
Q

Muscle that connects the stomach to the proximal duodenum

A

Pyloric canal

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16
Q

Fourth layer of bowel thin loose layer of connective tissue surrounded by mesothelium covering the intraperitoneal bowel loops

A

Serosa

17
Q

Third layer of bowel

A

Muscularis

18
Q

Normal segmentation of the small bowel

A

Valvulae Conniventes

19
Q

Inner folds of the stomach wall

A

Rugae

20
Q

Fifth layer of bowel

A

Mesothelium

21
Q

Hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes

A

Cholecystokinin

22
Q

Rhythmic dilation and contraction of the gastrointestinal tract as food is propelled through it

A

Peristalsis

23
Q

Located by drawing a line from the right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus at approximately the midpoint of this line lies the root of the appendix

A

McBurney’s point

24
Q

Process of nutrient molecules passing through the wall of the intestine into the blood or lymph system

A

Absorption

25
Q

Endocrine hormone released from the stomach stimulates secretion of gastric acid

A

Gastrin

26
Q

Localized collection of pus surround by inflammed tissue

A

Abcess

27
Q

Released from small bowel as antacid stimulates secretion of bicarbonate

A

Secretion

28
Q

Calcified deposit within the appendix appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter

A

Fecalith

29
Q

Pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach the small intestine or most commonly the colon

A

Diverticulum

30
Q

Malignancy of the lymph nodes spleen or liver

A

Lymphoma

31
Q

Dilated fluid filled bowel loops without peristalsis

A

Paralytic ileus

32
Q

Characteristic of gastrointestinal wall thickening consisting of an echogenic center and a hypoechoic rim

A

Target sign

33
Q

Collection of blood

A

Hemorrhage

34
Q

Site of maximal tenderness in the right lower quadrant; usually with appendicitis

A

McBurney’s sign

35
Q

Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen

A

Ascites

36
Q

Congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

37
Q

Fecalith or calcification located in the appendix

A

Appendicolith

38
Q

Small tumor like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

A

Polyp

39
Q

Inflammation of the bowel accompanied by abscess and bowel wall thickening

A

Crohn’s disease