Chapter 13 The Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
Ascending colon arises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon
Hepatic flexure
First part of the duodenum
Duodenal bulb
Double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum stomach and large intestine helps support the greater curvature of the stomach known as the “fatty apron”
Greater omentum
Help support the greater curvature of the stomach
Gastrophrenic gastrosplenic and lienorenal ligaments
Fold from the parietal peritoneum that attaches to the small intestine anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall
Mesentery
Also known as the digestive tract includes the mouth pharynx esophagus stomach duodenum and small and large intestine
Alimentary canal
Inner folds of the small intestine
vili
Entrance of the esophagus into the stomach
Cardiac Orifice
First layer of bowel
Mucosa
Helps suport the lesser curvature of the stomach
Gastrohepatic ligament
The transverse colon travels horizontally across the abdomen and bends at this point to form the descending colon
Splenic flexure
One of the layers of the bowel under the mucosal layer contains blood vessels and lymph channels
Submucosa
Normal segmentation of the wall of the colon
Haustra
Suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver helps to support the lesser curvature of the stomach
Lesser omentum
Muscle that connects the stomach to the proximal duodenum
Pyloric canal
Fourth layer of bowel thin loose layer of connective tissue surrounded by mesothelium covering the intraperitoneal bowel loops
Serosa
Third layer of bowel
Muscularis
Normal segmentation of the small bowel
Valvulae Conniventes
Inner folds of the stomach wall
Rugae
Fifth layer of bowel
Mesothelium
Hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes
Cholecystokinin
Rhythmic dilation and contraction of the gastrointestinal tract as food is propelled through it
Peristalsis
Located by drawing a line from the right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus at approximately the midpoint of this line lies the root of the appendix
McBurney’s point
Process of nutrient molecules passing through the wall of the intestine into the blood or lymph system
Absorption
Endocrine hormone released from the stomach stimulates secretion of gastric acid
Gastrin
Localized collection of pus surround by inflammed tissue
Abcess
Released from small bowel as antacid stimulates secretion of bicarbonate
Secretion
Calcified deposit within the appendix appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter
Fecalith
Pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach the small intestine or most commonly the colon
Diverticulum
Malignancy of the lymph nodes spleen or liver
Lymphoma
Dilated fluid filled bowel loops without peristalsis
Paralytic ileus
Characteristic of gastrointestinal wall thickening consisting of an echogenic center and a hypoechoic rim
Target sign
Collection of blood
Hemorrhage
Site of maximal tenderness in the right lower quadrant; usually with appendicitis
McBurney’s sign
Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen
Ascites
Congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum
Meckel’s diverticulum
Fecalith or calcification located in the appendix
Appendicolith
Small tumor like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface
Polyp
Inflammation of the bowel accompanied by abscess and bowel wall thickening
Crohn’s disease
