Chapter 14 The Urinary System H&A

Question 1

Normal variant that occurs on the left kidney as a bulge on the lateral border

Answer 1

Dromedary hump

Question 2

Located outside of the normal position, most often in the pelvic cavity

Answer 2

Ectopic kidney

Question 3

Stone within the urinary system

Answer 3

Urolithiasis

Question 4

First layer adjacent t the kidney that forms a tough, fibrous covering

Answer 4

Renal capsule

Question 5

Bands of cortical tissue that separate the renal pyramids; may mimic a renal mass on ultrasound

Answer 5

Columns of Bertin

Question 6

Dilation of the renal collecting system

Answer 6

Hydronephrosis

Question 7

Congenital malformation in which both kidneys are joined together by an isthmus, most commonly at the lower poles

Answer 7

Horseshoe kidney

Question 8

Interruption in the normal development of the kidney resulting in absence of the kidney; may be unilateral or bilateral

Answer 8

Renal agenesis

Question 9

Portion of a renal tubule lying between the proximal and distal convoluted portions; reabsorption of fluid, sodium, and chloride occurs here and in the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 9

Loop of Henle

Question 10

One of several conical masses of tissue that form the kikney medulla; each consists of the loops of Henle and the collection tubules of the nephrons

Answer 10

Renal pyramid

Question 11

Retroperitoneal structures that exit the kidney to carry urine to the urinary bladder

Answer 11

Ureters

Question 12

Inner portion of the renal parenchyma that contains the loop of Henle

Answer 12

Medulla

Question 13

Small vessels found at the base of the renal pyramids; appear as echogenic structures

Answer 13

Arcuate arteries

Question 14

Muscular retroperitoneal organ that serves as a reservoir for urine

Answer 14

Bladder

Question 15

Part of the collecting system adjacent to the pyramid that collects urine and is connected to the major calyx

Answer 15

Calyx

Question 16

Network of capillaries that are part of the filtration process in the kidney

Answer 16

Glomerulus

Question 17

Central area of the kidney that includes the calyces, renal pelvis, renal vessels, fat nerves, and lymphatic

Answer 17

Renal sinus

Question 18

Right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate

Answer 18

Morison’s pouch

Question 19

Small vessel that carries blood from the glomerulus of the nephron and conducts blood to the peritubular capillaries that surround the renal tubule

Answer 19

Efferent arteriole

Question 20

Area in the midportion of the kidney where the renal vessels and ureter enter and exit

Answer 20

Renal hilum

Question 21

Lab measurement of the amount of nitrogenous waste and creatinine in the blood

Answer 21

BUN

Question 22

A product of metabolism; lab test that measures the ability of the kidney to get rid of waste

Answer 22

Creatinine

Question 23

Maintenance of normal body physiology

Answer 23

Homeostasis

Question 24

Lab tests that measure how much dissolved material is present in the urine

Answer 24

Specific gravity

Question 25

Area of kidney where vessels, ureter, and lymphatics enter and exit

Answer 25

Hilus

Question 26

Another term for the renal fascia, the kidney is covered by the renal capsule, perirenal fat , Gerota’s fascia, and pararenal fat

Answer 26

Gerota’s fascia

Question 27

Functional unit of the kidney; includes a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

Answer 27

Nephron

Question 28

carries blood into the glomerulus of the nephron

Answer 28

Afferent arteriole

Question 29

Receive urine from the renal pyramids; form the border of the renal sinus

Answer 29

Minor calyces

Question 30

Part of the nephron that consists of Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus

Answer 30

Renal corpuscle

Question 31

Area in the midportion of the kidney that collects urine before entering the ureter

Answer 31

Renal pelvis

Question 32

Site of filtration in the kidney; contains water salts , glucose, urea, and amino acids

Answer 32

Bowman’s capsule

Question 33

Receives urine from the minor calyces to convey to the renal pelvis

Answer 33

Major calyces

Question 34

Outer parenchyma of the kidney that contains the renal corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron

Answer 34

Cortex

Question 35

Small membranous canal that excretes urine from the urinary bladder

Answer 35

Urethra

Question 36

Space behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity

Answer 36

Retroperitineum