Chapter 9: The Rise of Medieval Culture Flashcards
asceticism
self-denial
eremitism
solitary life
Who wrote the Rule?
Saint Benedict
What was the Rule for?
sets the ideals of monastic life
polymath
A person of great learning and achievement in several fields of study, especially unrelated fields such as the arts and the sciences.
What is the Ordo Virtutum (Order of the Virtues) by Hildegard of Bingen?
A morality play, is the earliest piece of musical drama that survives with both script and score.
the Dark Ages (Early Middle Ages)
an era Petrarch labeled in which Hildegard lived and he saw it as a period of intellectual and creative stagnation following the decline of the Western Roman Empire and the collapse of classical learning (book says this is not true and gives the example of Hildegard)
Why were monasteries so significant?
they were the centers of learning
why is the Utrecht Psalter called that
because its present home is the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands
Who founded the Holy Roman Empire?
Charlemagne
Who was responsible for the educational reforms that were a vital part of what became known as the Carolingian Renaissance?
Charlemagne
scriptorium
housed the library in a typical medieval monastery
Romanesque architecture was characterized by?
heavy stone and round arches
Who is often associated with the chant sung in medieval cathedrals?
Pope Gregory the Great
Why was Christmas Day, 800 CE, so important?
Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne the Holy Roman Emperor. This was the first coronation in the West since the late 6th century and was seen as rebellion in the eyes of the Byzantine court. This marked the revival of the Roman Empire in the West.
feudalism
The dominant social system in medieval Europe from the 9th through the 15th centuries, in which vassals were granted fiefs—estates or property—by their lords and were required to serve under their lords in the event of war.
Carolingian
Of Charlemagne.
Feudal society existed only so long as what?
A country remained rural and without large towns.
Charlemagne’s grandfather Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) did what?
Defeated the Muslims decisively at Poitiers in 732, thus halting an Islamic challenge from Spain to the rest of Europe.
What was the historical basis for the epic poem The Song of Roland?
Charlemagne fighting the Muslims of the Umayyad Caliphate on the Franco-Spanish borders; the Battle of Roncesvalles (778)
What was odd about Charlemagne and Muslims?
He fought the Muslims in the West but had close diplomatic ties with the great Harun al-Rashid, the caliph of Baghdad.
Why was Charlemagne receiving the keys to the Church of the Holy Sepulcher and other major Christian shrines, an important symbolic act?
It made the emperor the official guardian of the holiest shrines in Christendom
denier
the standard coin under Charlemagne which stabilized the currency system
How was trade and commerce under Charlemagne?
strong and there were even annual trade fairs at Saint-Denis near Paris and also at Pavia in northern Italy
How did Charlemagne treat Jews?
He was very tolerant and welcoming. They lived where they wished, owned land, wrote about their own religion and began integrating with the French
What was one of the most sought-after thing from the Frankish kingdom?
Iron broadswords produced in and around Cologne and sold to Arabs through Jewish merchants (When Vikings got the swords the Franks were screwed)
Where did Charlemagne open his famous palace school?
Aachen
