Chapter 11: The Fourteenth Century Flashcards
the Trecento
italian for 300, nickname for the 14th century, marks the end of the medieval period and the beginning of the Renaissance
bad shit that happened during the 14th century
the Black Plague, institutional decay (the church fought and almost ripped itself apart), and violence (peasant revolts and the Hundred Years’ War)
the Black Plague
first appeared in Asia, ships brought it to Crimea, it devastated the economy, people who could’would work got higher wages which caused inflation which caused peasant and worker rebellions
Jubilee Year
Pope Boniface VIII in 1300 celebrated the first one and then it was held every 25 years, it brought pilgrims and visitors to the church to pay homage to the papacy and the catholic church
Philip the Fair of France
1303, was mad that an edict declared the papal supremacy over monarchs so he attacked the Boniface’s palace in Anagni, Italy, and imprisoned the pope and starved him for days, the Anagni people rescued him and he died a month later
Where was the seat of the papacy move to from Anagni?
Avignon in 1309 and remained there for 70 years until Pope Gregory XI returned to Rome
Great Schism
the result of moving the papal seat, caused a split in the Catholic Church that produced two rival sets of Popes and groups who swore allegiance to one side
How was the Great Schism closed?
1417, the COuncil of Constance deposed three papal pretenders to bring about the reunification of the church
What started the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381?
Englishman John Wycliffe writing about the immorality of the higher clergy and the corruption of the church
The Hundred Years’ War
1337-1453, war between the kings of France and England over the legitimacy of the French crown, instilled nationalism and patriotism in the people and made Englishmen and French fear and suspect each other until they became allies in WWI and II
John Ball
leader in the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 in England
the arts during the 14th century
blossomed
Giovanni Boccaccio
Dante’s biography, Decameron (based on accounts of the Black Plague), and On Famous Women (biographies of influential women)
Poet Laureate
Francesco Petrarch
Dante Alighieri
self-taught, loved learning, wrote on the origin and development of language (De vulgari eloquentia), political theory (De monarchia), general knowledge (Convivio), his own poetic aspirations (La vita nuova) and The Divine Comedy (La Divina Commedia)
