Chapter 13: The High Renaissance and Mannerism in Italy Flashcards
Pope Julius II named after who
Julius Caesar
Pope Julius II nickname
il Terribilis (italian for awe-inspiring power and grandeur, overwhelming emotional intensity, intractable will, and incalculable rage)
where did most artists gain patronage
the catholic church
High Renaissance began when
1503, when a cardinal nephew of Pope Sixtus IV, Giuliano della Rovere, succeeded the Spanish pope, Alexander VI, to become Pope Julius II
the territory of Florence expanded and became what
the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
medici family in politics
they produced four popes and two queens of France between 1523 and 1610
chiaroscuro
From the Italian for “light–dark”; an artistic technique in which subtle gradations of value create the illusion of rounded, three-dimensional forms in space; also called modeling.
Mannerist
A style of art characterized by distortion and elongation of figures; a sense of flattened space rather than depth; a lack of a defined focal point; and the use of clashing pastel colors.
iconography
A set of conventional meanings attached to images; as an artistic approach, representation or illustration that uses the visual conventions and symbols of a culture. Also, the study of visual symbols and their meaning (often religious).
Bronzino
student of Pontormo,
Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time (The Exposure of Luxury)
Josquin des Prez
the greatest composer of the age, He has been called the bridge figure between the music of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Although he wrote madrigals and many masses in his career, it was in the motet for four voices—a form not held to traditional usage in the way masses were—that he showed his true genius for creative musical composition
madrigals
A song for two or three voices unaccompanied by instrumental music.
polyphony
Music with two or more independent melodies that harmonize or are sounded together.
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
The 16th-century composer most identified with Rome and the Vatican. At various times in his career, he was the choirmaster of the choir of Saint Peter’s (the Julian Choir), a singer in the Sistine Choir, and choirmaster of two other Roman basilicas (Saint John Lateran and Saint Mary Major). Finally, from 1571 until his death, he directed all music for the Vatican.
Giovanni Gabrieli
In 1527, a Dutchman—Adriaan Willaert—became choirmaster of the Saint Mark’s Basilica. He in turn trained Andrea Gabrieli and his more famous nephew, Giovanni Gabrieli, who became the most renowned Venetian composer of the 16th century.
