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Medical Terminolgy > Chapter-9 The Cardiovascular System- Cardiology > Flashcards

Chapter-9 The Cardiovascular System- Cardiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

valvul/o

roots

A

Def: valve

Ex: valvulotomy, valvulitis

Notes: The heart has four valves: two atrioventricular valves and two valves between the ventricles and arteries. The purpose of heart valves is to prevent blood from flowing backward.

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2
Q

atri/o

roots

A

Def: atrium (upper chamber)

Ex: atrium, atrial fibrillation

Notes: The atrium is the upper portion of each side of the heart. The term comes from Roman architecture, where it referred to the large open area that was characteristic of most Roman houses; typically, all the other rooms of the house would branch off from this center space. Even today, a large central area in a building is often called its atrium.

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3
Q

sept/o

roots

A

Def: septum (plural: septa)

Ex: atrial septal defect, septoplasty

Notes: Septum comes from a Latin word meaning “partition” or “dividing structure” and can refer to any wall dividing two cavities. There are numerous septa throughout the body, including between the two sides of the heart. The easiest to find is the nasal septum. If you place an index finger in each nostril and try to make them touch, what you are feeling is the nasal septum. If you find that your nasal septum leans to one side, you have a deviated septum.

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4
Q

ventricul/o

roots

A

Def: ventricle (lower chamber)

Ex: ventriculotomy

Notes: The ventricle is the lower portion of each side of the heart. The word is a combination of venter (stomach) plus the diminutive suffix -icle, and means “little stomach.”

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5
Q

cardi/o

roots

A

Def: heart

Ex: cardiology, cardiac arrest, myocarditis

Notes: The root cardio can be tricky because it ends in the double vowel io. You expect the o to go away sometimes, but when a suffix beginning with an i is added to this root, not just the o, but also an i disappears as well. For example: myo (muscle) + cardio (heart) + itis (inflammation) = myocard-I-itis.

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6
Q

coron/o

roots

A

Def: heart

Ex: coronary artery, coronary thrombosis

Notes: the term corona literally means “crown” and refers to the way the blood vessels that supply the heart descend and support the heart like a crown. The term coronary is used in medical language to refer specifically to the heart’s blood supply.

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7
Q

angi/o

roots

A

Def: vessel

Ex angioplasty angiogram

Notes: All these roots come form words meaning “jar” or “pitcher.” Angio comes from Greek, and vaso and vasculo come from Latin. Although blood vessels don’t look like jars, they do hold a lot of liquid- almost 6 quarts in the average man and almost 4 quarts in the average woman.

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8
Q

vas/o

roots

A

Def: vessel

Ex: vasodilator

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9
Q

vascul/o

roots

A

Def: vessel

Ex: vasculitis

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10
Q

aort/o

roots

A

Def: aorta

Ex: aortitis, aortolith

Notes: The aorta is the main artery leaving the heart and distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body. Its name means “to rise up” and refers to the fact that as the aorta leaves the heart, it rises up briefly and branches off into the arteries that supply the upper body before making what is called the arch of the aorta and descending into the lower body.

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11
Q

arteri/o

roots

A

Def: artery

Ex: arteriosclerosis, endarterectomy

Notes: Arteries are the large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from heart to body tissue. It’s funny that the word artery is actually a Greek word for “trachea” or “windpipe,” a reference to the fact that some of the body’s arteries are so large that early students of anatomy thought they carried air.

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12
Q

ather/o

roots

A

Def: fatty plaque

Ex: atherosclerosis

Notes: This root comes from Greek, for “gruel” or “porridge.” Be careful: This root is easily confused with arterio, especially in the words arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. There’s a reason for the confusion: atherosclerosis is actually a form of arterosclerosis. Arterioclerosis means “hardening of an artery” and atherosclerosis means “hardening of an artery due specifically to buildup of fatty plaque.”

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13
Q

phleb/o

roots

A

Def: vein

Ex: phlebotomy

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14
Q

ven/o

roots

A

Def: ven/o

Ex: venospasm

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15
Q

angina pectoris

heart

subjective

A

Def: oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart

Pron: an-JAI-nah PEK-tor-is

Word Analysis

angina pectoris

to choke chest

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16
Q

arrhythmia

heart

subjective

A

Def: irregular heartbeat

Pron: ay-RITH-mee-ah

Word Analysis

a/ rrhythm/ ia

no/ rhythm/ condition

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17
Q

dysrhythmia

heart

subjective

A

Def: irregular heartbeat

Pron: dis-RITH-mee-ah

Word Analysis

dys/ rhythm/ ia

bad/ rhythm/ condition

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18
Q

palpitation

heart

subjective

A

Def: rapid or irregular beating of the heart

Pron: PAL-pih-TAY-shun

Word Analysis

from Latin, for “to flutter”

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19
Q

pectoralgia

heart

subjective

A

Def: chest pain

Pron: PEK-tor-AL-jah

Word Analysis

pector/ algia

chest/ pain

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20
Q

aortalgia

circulation

subjective

A

Def: pain in the aorta

Pron: AY-or-TAL-jah

Word Analysis

aort/ algia

aorta/ pain

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21
Q

diaphoresis

circulation

subjective

A

Def: profuse sweating

Pron: DAI-ah-for-EE-sis

Word Analysis

dia/ phoresis

through/ carry

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22
Q

hemorrhage

circulation

subjective

A

Def: loss of blood

Pron: HEM-or-RIJ

Word Analysis

hemo/ rrhage

blood/ burst forth

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23
Q

phlebalgia

circulation

subjective

A

Def: pain in a vein

Pron: fleh-BAL-jah

Word Analysis

phleb/ algia

vein/ pain

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24
Q

endocardium

heart structure

objective

A

Def: tissue lining the inside of the heart

Pron: EN-doh-KAR-dee-um

Word Analysis

endo/ card/ ium

inside/ heart/ tissue

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25
Q

epicardium

heart structure

objective

A

Def: tissue lining the outside of the heart

Pron: EH-puh-KAR-dee-um

Word Analysis

epi/ card/ ium

upon/ heart/ tissue

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26
Q

myocardium

heart structure

objective

A

Def: heart muscle tissue

Pron: MAI-oh-KAR-dee-um

Word Analysis

myo/ card/ ium

muscle/ heart/ tissue

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27
Q

pericardium

heart structure

objective

A

Def: tissue around the heart

Pron: PER-uh-KAR-dee-um

Word Analysis

peri/ card/ ium

around/ heart/ tissue

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28
Q

bradycardia

heart

objective

A

Def: slow heartbeat

Pron: BRAY-dih-KAR-dee-ah

Word Analysis

brady/ card/ ia

slow/ heart/ condition

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29
Q

cardiomegaly

heart

objective

A

Def: an enlarged heart

Pron: KAR-dee-oh-MEH-gah-lee

Word Analysis

cardio/ megaly

heart/ enlargement

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30
Q

cardiotoxic

heart

objective

A

Def: poisonous to the heart

Pron: KAR-dee-oh-TOK-sik

Word Analysis

cardio/ toxic

heart/ poison

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31
Q

cyanosis

heart

objective

A

Def: bluish appearance to the skin – a sign that the tissue isn’t receiving enough oxygen

Pron: SAI-ah-NOH-sis

Word Analysis

cyan/ osis

blue/ condition

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32
Q

murmur

heart

objective

A

Def: abnormal heart sound

Pron: MIR-mir

Word Analysis

from Latin, for “to grumble” or “hum”

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33
Q

tachycardia

heart

objective

A

Def: rapid heartbeat

Pron: TAK-ih-KAR-dee-ah

Word Analysis

tachy/ card/ ia

fast/ heart/ condition

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34
Q

vena cava

circulation structure

objective

A

Def: a large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart

Pron: VEE-nah CAY-nah

Word Analysis

vena cava

vein hollow

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35
Q

inferior vena cava

circulation structure

objective

A

Def: a portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body

Pron: in-FEER-ee-or VEE-nah CAY-vah

Word Analysis

inferior vena cava

lower vein hollow

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36
Q

superior vena cava

circulation structure

objective

A

Def: a portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)

Pron: soo-PEER-ee-or VEE-nah CAY-vah

Word Analysis

superior vena cava

upper vein hollow

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37
Q

angiogenesis

circulation

objective

A

Def: development of blood vessels

Pron: AN-jee-oh-JIN-eh-sis

Word Analysis

angio/ genesis

vessel/ creation

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38
Q

angiolith

circulation

objective

A

Def: stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel

Pron: AN-jee-oh-LITH

Word Analysis

angio/ lith

vessel/ stone

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39
Q

angiopoiesis

circulation

objective

A

Def: formation of blood vessels

Pron: AN-jee-oh-poh-EE-sis

Word Analysis

angio/ poiesis

vessel/ formation

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40
Q

angiosclerosis

circulation

objective

A

Def: hardening of a blood vessel

Pron: AN-jee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis

Word Analysis

angio/ scler/ osis

vessel/ hard/ condition

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41
Q

aortectasia

circulation

objective

A

Def: dilation of the aorta

Pron: ay-OR-tek-TAY-zhah

Word Analysis

aort/ ectasia

aorta/ dilation

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42
Q

aortic stenosis

circulation

objective

A

Def: narrowing of the aorta

Pron: ay-OR-tik stih-NOH-sis

Word Analysis

aort/ ic sten/ osis

aorta/ pertaining to narrow/ condition

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43
Q

aortolith

circulation

objective

A

Def: stone deposit in the wall of the aorta

Pron: ay-OR-toh-LITH

Word Analysis

aorto/ lith

aorta/ stone

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44
Q

arteriolith

circulation

objective

A

Def: stone in the artery

Pron: ar-TER-ee-oh-LITH

Word Analysis

arterio/ lith

artery/ stone

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45
Q

arteriorrhexis

circulation

objective

A

Def: rupture of an artery

Pron: ar-TER-ee-oh-REK-sis

Word Analysis

arterio/ rrhexis

artery/ rupture

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46
Q

arteriosclerosis

circulation

objective

A

Def: hardening of an artery

Pron: ar-TER-ee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis

Word Analysis

arterio/ scler/ osis

artery/ hard/ condition

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47
Q

atherogenesis

circulation

objective

A

Def: formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery

Pron: A-ther-oh-JIN-eh-sis

Word Analysis

athero/ genesis

fatty plaque/ creation

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48
Q

atherosclerosis

circulation

objective

A

Def: hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque

Pron: A-ther-oh-skleh-ROH-sis

Word Analysis

athero/ scler/ osis

fatty plaque/ hard/ condition

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49
Q

embolus

circulation

objective

A

Def: mass of matter present in the blood

Pron: EM-boh-lus

Word Analysis

em/ bolus

in/ throw

Note: In Greek, this word was used to mean “stopper,” as in the opening of a bottle

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50
Q

embolism

circulation

objective

A

Def: a blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus

Pron: EM-boh-LIZ-um

Word Analysis

embol/ ism

embolus/ condition

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51
Q

ischemia

circulation

objective

A

Def: blockage of blood flow to an organ

Pron: ih-SKEE-mee-ah

Word Analysis

isch/ emia

hold back/ blood condition

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52
Q

occlusion

circulation

objective

A

Def: closing or blockage of a passage

Pron: oh-KLOO-zhun

Word Analysis

from Latin, for “to close off”

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53
Q

phlebosclerosis

circulation

objective

A

Def: hardening of a vein

Pron: FLEB-oh-skleh-ROH-sis

Word Analysis

phlebo/ scler/ osis

vein/ hard/ condition

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54
Q

thrombus

circulation

objective

A

Def: blood clot

Pron: THROM-bus

Word Analysis

from Greek, for “lump,” “clot,” or even “curd of milk”

Note: The difference between a thrombus and an embolus is twofold. A thrombus is a clot of blood and is stationary. An embolus is foreign material and is in motion. When a thrombus breaks off, it becomes a thromboembolus.

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55
Q

varicose veins

circulation

objective

A

Def: an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin

Pron: VAR-ih-kohs VAYNS

Word Analysis

varicose veins

swollen/ twisted veins

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56
Q

vasospasm

circulation

objective

A

Def: involuntary contraction of a blood vessel

Pron: VAS-oh-SPAZ-um

Word Analysis

vaso/ spasm

vessel/ involuntary contraction

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57
Q

venosclerosis

circulation

objective

A

Def: hardening of a vein

Pron: VEE-noh-skleh-ROH-sis

Word Analysis

veno/ scler/ osis

vein/ hard/ condition

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58
Q

venospasm

circulation

objective

A

Def: involuntary contraction of a vein

Pron: VEE-noh-SPAZ-um

Word Analysis

veno/ spasm

vein/ involuntary contraction

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59
Q

venostasis

circulation

objective

A

Def: trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression

Pron: VEE-noh-STA-sis

Word Analysis

veno/ stasis

vein/ standing

Note: This name refers not to the fact that the blood is trapped but, instead, to the fact that the blood is standing still and not moving

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60
Q

angiogram

radiology

objective

A

Def: a record of the blood vessels

Pron: AN-jee-oh-GRAM

Word Analysis

angio/ gram

vessel/ record

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61
Q

angiography

radiology

objective

A

Def: procedure to describe the blood vessel

Pron: AN-jee-AW-grah-fee

Word Analysis

angio/ graphy

vessel/ writing procedure

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62
Q

aortogram

radiology

objective

A

Def: record of the aorta

Pron: ay-OR-tah-GRAM

Word Analysis

aorto/ gram

aorta/ record

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63
Q

arteriogram

radiology

objective

A

Def: record of an artery

Pron: ar-TER-ee-oh-GRAM

Word Analysis

arterio/ gram

artery/ record

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64
Q

venogram

radiology

objective

A

Def: a record of a vein

Pron: VEE-noh-gram

Word Analysis

veno/ gram

vein/ record

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65
Q

angioscope

diagnostic procedures

objective

A

Def: device for looking into a blood vessel

Pron: AN-jee-oh-SKOWP

Word Analysis

angio/ scope

vessel/ device for looking

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66
Q

cardiac catheterization

diagnostic procedures

objective

A

Def: a process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart

Pron: KAR-dee-ak KATH-eh-ter-ih-ZAY-shun

Word Analysis

cardi/ ac catheter/ ization

heart/ pertaining to catheter/ procedure

Note: The word catheter comes from Greek words meaning “ to go inside.” By passing a tube through arteries, doctors are able to diagnose and treat heart problems without performing major surgery.

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67
Q

echocardiogram

diagnostic procedures

objective

A

Def: an image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on a heart

Word Analysis

echo/ cardio/ gram

echo/ heart/ record

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68
Q

echocardiography

diagnostic procedures

objective

A

Def: use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on a heart

Pron: EK-oh-KAR-dee-AW-grah-fee

Word Analysis

echo/ cardio/ graphy

echo/ heart/ writing procedure

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69
Q

electrocardiogram

diagnostic procedures

objective

A

Def: record of the electrical currents of the heart

Pron: eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM

Word Analysis

electro/ cardio/ gram

electricity/ heart/ record

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70
Q

electrocardiography

diagnostic procedures

objective

A

Def: procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart

Pron: eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-AW-grah-fee

Word Analysis

electro/ cardio/ graphy

electricity/ heart/ writing procedure

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71
Q

sonography

diagnostic procedures

objective

A

Def: use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound

Pron: saw-NAW-grah-fee

Word Analysis

sono/ graphy

sound/ writing procedure

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72
Q

stress electrocardiogram

diagnostic procedures

objective

A

Def: records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences an increase in an exercise stress

Pron: STRES eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM

Word Analysis

stress electro/ cardio/ gram

stress electricity/ heart/ record

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73
Q

transesophageal echocardiogram

diagnostic procedures

objective

A

Def: record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus

Pron: TRANZ-eh-SOF-ah-JEE-al EK-oh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM

Word Analysis

trans/ esophag/ eal

through/ esophagus/ pertaining to

echo/ cardio/ gram

echo/ heart/ record

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74
Q

vascular endoscopy

diagnostic procedures

objective

A

Def: procedure to look inside a blood vessel

Pron: VAS-kyoo-lar en-DAW-skoh-pee

Word Analysis

vascul/ ar endo/ scopy

vessel/ pertaining to inside/ looking procedure

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75
Q

blood pressure

professional terms

objective

A

Def: the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

Pron: BLUD PRESH-ir

Word Analysis

blood pressure

76
Q

diastolic pressure

professional terms

objective

A

Def: pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is relaxed

Pron: DAI-ah-STAW-lik PRESH-ir

Word Analysis

dia/ stol/ ic pressure

through/ send/ pertaining to

Note: Stole comes from Greek, for “to send.” It can also be found in the word epistle, which means “letter” or “something you send someone.”

77
Q

systolic pressure

professional terms

objective

A

Def: pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is contracting

Pron: sih-STRAW-lik PRESH-ir

Word Analysis

sys/ stol/ ic pressure

together/ send/ pertaining to

78
Q

cardiologist

professional terms

objective

A

Def: heart specialist

Pron: KAR-dee-AW-loh-jist

Word Analysis

cardio/ logist

heart/ specialist

79
Q

cardiology

professional terms

objective

A

Def: branch of medicine dealing with the heart

Pron: KAR-dee-AW-loh-jee

Word Analysis

cardio/ logy

heart/ study

80
Q

cardiovascular

professional terms

objective

A

Def: pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

Pron: KAR-dee-oh-VAS-kyoo-lar

Word Analysis

cardio/ vascul/ ar

heart/ vessel/ pertaining to

81
Q

circulation

professional terms

objective

A

Def: moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart

Pron: SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun

Word Analysis

from Latin, for “to go in a circle”

82
Q

coronary circulation

professional terms

objective

A

Def: circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle ( the heart always feed itself first)

Pron: KOR-ah-NER-ee SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun

Word Analysis

coron/ ary circulation

heart/ pertaining to

83
Q

phlebologist

professional terms

objective

A

Def: specialist in veins

Pron: fleb-AW-loh-jist

Word Analysis

phlebo/ logist

vein/ specialist

84
Q

phlebology

professional terms

objective

A

Def: a study of veins

Pron: fleb-AW-loh-jee

Word Analysis

phlebo/ logy

vein/ study

85
Q

phlebotomist

professional terms

objective

A

Def: one who draws blood

Pron: fleh-BAW-toh-mist

Word Analysis

phlebo/ tom/ ist

vein/ incision/ specialist

86
Q

phlebotomy

professional terms

objective

A

Def: incision into a vein- the technical term for drawing blood

Pron: fleh-BAW-toh-mee

Word Analysis

phlebo/ tomy

vein/ incision

87
Q

pulmonary circulation

professional terms

objective

A

Def: circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it)

Pron: PUL-mon-AR-ee SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun

Word Analysis

pulmon/ ary circulation

lung/ pertaining to

88
Q

systemic circulation

professional terms

objective

A

Def: circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Pron: sih-STEM-ik SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun

Word Analysis

sys/ stem/ ic circulation

together/ stand/ pertaining to

89
Q

angiocarditis

heart

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of the heart vessel

Pron: AN-jee-oh-kar-DAI-tis

Word Analysis

angio/ card/ itis

vessel/ heart/ inflammation

90
Q

atrial fibrillation

heart

assessment

A

Def: quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart’s atrium

91
Q

atrial septal defect (ASD)

heart

assessment

A

Def: flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart

Pron: AY-tree-al SEP-tal DEE-fekt

Word Analysis

atri/ al sept/ al de/ fect

atrium/ pertaining to septum/ pertaining to bad/ made

92
Q

cardiac arrest

heart

assessment

A

Def: cessation of functional circulation

Pron: KAR-dee-ak ah-REST

Word Analysis

cardi/ ac arrest

heart/ pertaining to stop

93
Q

cardiomyopathy

heart

assessment

A

Def: disease of the heart muscle

Pron: KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee

Word Analysis

cardio/ myo/ pathy

heart/ muscle/ disease

94
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy

heart

assessment

A

Def: heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/ slow pumping of blood

Pron: con-JES-tiv KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee

Word Analysis

con/ gestive cardiomyopathy

together/ bring

95
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy

heart

assessment

A

Def: another term for congestive cardiomyopathy

Pron: DAI-lay-ted KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee

Word Analysis

dilated cardio/ myo/ pathy

expanded heart/ muscle/ disease

96
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

heart

assessment

A

Def: heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow

Pron: HAI-per-TROH-fik KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee

Word Analysis

hyper/ troph/ ic cardiomyopathy

over/ developed/ pertaining to

97
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

heart

assessment

A

Def: heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body

Pron: ree-STRIK-tiv KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee

Word Analysis

re/ strict/ ive cardiomyopathy

back/ tied/ pertaining to

98
Q

carditis

heart

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of the heart

Pron: kar-DAI-tis

Word Analysis

card/ itis

heart/ inflammation

99
Q

congenital heart defect

heart

assessment

A

Def: flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth

Pron: con-JEN-ih-tal HART DEE-fekt

Word Analysis

con/ genit/ al heart de/ fect

together/ birth/ pertaining to heart bad/ made

100
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

heart

assessment

A

Def: heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)

Pron: con-JES-tiv HART FAYL-yir

Word Analysis

con/ gest/ ive heart failure

together/ bring/ pertaining to

101
Q

coronary thrombosis

heart

assessment

A

Def: obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot

Pron: KOR-ah-NER-ee throm-BOH-sis

Word Analysis

coron/ ary thromb/ osis

heart/ pertaining to clot/ condition

102
Q

endocarditis

heart

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart

Pron: EN-doh-kar-DAI-tis

Word Analysis

endo/ card/ itis

inside/ heart/ inflammation

103
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

heart

assessment

A

Def: death of heart muscle tissue

Pron; MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al in-FARK-shun

Word Analysis

myo/ cardi/ al in/ farc/ tion

muscle/ heart/ pertaining to in/ stuff/ condition

Note: The term infarction originally referred to a blocked blood vessel, but it came to refer to the death of tissue resulting from the blockage.

104
Q

myocardial ischemia

heart

assessment

A

Def: blockage of blood to the heart muscle

Pron: MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al ih-SKEE-mee-ah

Word Analysis

myo/ cardi/ al isch/ emia

muscle/ heart/ pertaining to hold back/ blood condition

105
Q

myocarditis

heart

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of the heart muscle

Pron: MAI-oh-kar-DAI-tis

Word Analysis

myo/ card/ itis

muscle/ heart/ inflammation

106
Q

pericardial effusion

heart

assessment

A

Def: fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart

Pron: PER-ee-KAR-dee-al ee-FYOO-zhun

Word Analysis

peri/ cardi/ al ef/ fusion

around/ heart/ pertaining to out/ pour

107
Q

pericarditis

heart

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of the tissue around the heart

Pron: PER-ee-kar-DAI-tis

Word Analysis

wperi/ card/ itis

around/ heart/ inflammation

108
Q

valvulitis

heart

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of a heart valve

Pron: VAL-vyoo-LAI-tis

Word Analysis

valvul/ itis

valve/ inflammation

109
Q

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

heart

assessment

A

Def: flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart

Pron: ven-TRIK-yoo-lar SEP-tal DEE-fekt

Word Analysis

ventricul/ ar sept/ al de/ fect

ventricle/ pertaining to septum/ pertaining to bad/ made

110
Q

aneurysm

circulation

assessment

A

Def: the bulge in a blood vessel

Pron: AN-yir-IZ-um

Word Analysis

an/ eury/ sm

up/ wide/ condition

Note: The an- prefix here doesn’t mean “not”, rather, it is short for ana and means “up” or “out.” The “not” meaning is much more common, but there are also a few important examples of the “up/out” meaning, such as anabolic

111
Q

angioedema

circulation

assessment

A

Def: swelling of the blood vessels

Pron: AN-jee-oh-eh-DEE-mah

Word Analysis

angio/ edema

vessel/ swelling

112
Q

angioma

circulation

assessment

A

Def: blood vessel tumor

Pron: AN-jee-OH-mah

Word Analysis

angi/ oma

vessel/ tumor

113
Q

aortic aneurysm

circulation

assessment

A

Def: bulging or swelling of the aorta

Pron: ay-OR-tik AN-yir-IZ-um

Word Analysis

aort/ ic an/eury/ sm

aorta/ pertaining to up/ wide/ condition

114
Q

aortic regurgitation

circulation

assessment

A

Def: the flow of blood backward from the aorta into the heart; caused by a weak heart valve

Pron: ay-OR-tik ree-GIR-jih-TAY-shun

Word Analysis

aort/ic re/ gurgit/ ation

aorta/ pertaining to back/ bubble/ condition

115
Q

aortitis

circulation

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of the aorta

Pron: ay-or-TAI-tis

Word Analysis

aort/ itis

aorta/ inflammation

116
Q

arteriopathy

circulation

assessment

A

Def: disease of the arteries

Pron: ar-TER-ee-AW-pah-thee

Word Analysis

arterio/ pathy

artery/ disease

117
Q

arteritis

circulation

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of the arteries

Pron: AR-ter-AI-tis

Word Analysis

arter/ itis

artery/ inflammation

118
Q

deep vein thrombosis

circulation

assessment

A

Def: formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg

Pron: DEEP VAYN throm-BOH-sis

Word Analysis

deep vein thromb/ osis

dep vein clot/ condition

119
Q

hypertension

circulation

assessment

A

Def: high blood pressure

Pron: HAI-per-TEN-shun

Word Analysis

hyper/ tens/ ion

over/ stretch/ condition

120
Q

hypotension

circulation

assessment

A

Def: low blood pressure

Pron: HAI-poh-TEN-shun

Word Analysis

hypo/ tens/ ion

under/ stretch/ condition

121
Q

normotension

circulation

assessment

A

Def: normal blood pressure

Pron: NOR-moh-TEN-shun

Word Analysis

normo/ tens/ ion

normal/ stretch/ condition

122
Q

phlebitis

circulation

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of the veins

Pron: fleh-BAI-tis

Word Analysis

phleb/ itis

vein/ inflammation

123
Q

phlebostenosis

circulation

assessment

A

Def: narrowing of the veins

Pron: FLEB-oh-sten-OH-sis

Word Analysis

phlebo/ sten/ osis

vein/ narrow/ condition

124
Q

thrombophlebitis

circulation

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of vein caused by a clot

Pron: THROM-boh-fleh-BAI-tis

Word Analysis

thrombo/ phleb/ itis

clot/ vein/ inflammation

125
Q

vasculitis

circulation

assessment

A

Def: inflammation of blood vessels

Pron: VAS-kyoo-LAI-tis

Word Analysis

vascul/ itis

vessel/ inflammation

126
Q

antianginal

pharmacology

plan

A

Def: drug that prevents or relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris

Pron: AN-tee-AN-jih-nal

Word Analysis

anti/ angin / al

against/ angina (choke)/ agent

127
Q

antiarrhythmic

pharmacology

plan

A

Def: a drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat

Pron: AN-tee-a-RITH-mik

Word Analysis

anti/ a/ rrhythm/ ic

against/ no/ rhythm/ agent

128
Q

anticoagulant

pharmacology

plan

A

Def: drug that opposes the coagulation of the blood

Pron: AN-tee-koh-AG-yoo-lant

Word Analysis

anti/ coagul/ ant

against/ coagulation/ agent

129
Q

antihypertensive

pharmacology

plan

A

Def: a drug that opposes high blood pressure

Pron: AN-tee-HAI-per-TEN-siv

Word Analysis

anti/ hyper/ tens/ ive

against/ over/ stretch/ agent

130
Q

cardiotonic

pharmacology

plan

A

Def: drug that increases the strength of the heart contractions

Pron: KAR-dee-oh-TAW-nik

Word Analysis

cardio/ ton/ ic

heart/ tone/ agent

131
Q

thrombolytic

pharmacology

plan

A

Def: drug that breaks down clots

Pron: THROM-boh-LIH-tik

Word Analysis

thrombo/ lyt/ ic

clot/ loose/ agent

132
Q

vasocontrictor

pharmacology

plan

A

Def: drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

Pron: VAS-oh-kin-STRIK-tor

Word Analysis

vaso/ constrict/ or

vessel/ narrowing/ agent

133
Q

vasodilator

pharmacology

plan

A

Def: drug that causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel

Pron: VAS-oh-DAI-lay-tor

Word Analysis

vaso/ dilat/ or

vessel/ expanding/ agent

134
Q

vasopressor

pharmacology

plan

A

Def: drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel

Pron: VAS-oh-PRES-or

Word Analysis

vaso/ press/ or

vessel/ press/ agent

135
Q

cardiomyotomy

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: incision into the heart muscle

Pron: KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-toh-mee

Word Analysis

cardio/ myo/ tomy

heart/ muscle/ incision

136
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: a procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient’s blood during the portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped

cardio/ pulmon/ ary bypass

heart/ lung/ pertaining to

137
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: basic life support

Pron: KAR-dee-oh-PUL-mon-AR-ee re-SUS-uh-TAY-shun

Word Analysis cardio/ pulmon/ ary re/ suscit/ ation

heart/ lung/ pertaining to again/ stir up/ procedure

Note: Despite its name, CPR does not actually resuscitate an unconscious patient. Rather, through artificial breathing and chest compression, an unresponsive patient’s blood circulates and is kept oxygenated until further steps can be taken.

138
Q

cardiothoracic surgery

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: surgery that involves cutting through the patient’s chest to get to the heart

Pron: KAR-dee-oh-thoh-RA-sik SIR-jir-ee

Word Analysis

cardio/ thorac/ ic surgery

heart/ chest/ pertaining to

Note: Remember, a c before an a, o, or u makes a k sound (KAR-dee-oh) but before an i or e, it makes an s sound (thoh-RA-sik)

139
Q

cardioversion

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: returning a heart to a normal rhythm

Pron: KAR-dee-oh-VER-zhun

Word Analysis

cardio/ vers/ ion

heart/ turn/ procedure

140
Q

coronary arterectomy

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical removal of a coronary artery

Pron: KOR-ah-NER-ee AR-ter-EK-toh-mee

Word Analysis

coron/ ary arter/ ectomy

heart/ pertaining to artery/ removal

141
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: a borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

Pron: KOR-ah-NER-ee AR-ter-ee BAI-pas GRAFT

Word Analysis

coronary artery bypass graft

142
Q

coronary artery bypass surgery

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: surgery to bypass a blocked artery in the heart

Pron: KOR-ah-NER-ee AR-ter-ee BAI-pas SIR-jir-ee

Word Analysis

coronary artery bypass surgery

143
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient’s blood vessels into the heart

Pron: PER-kyoo-TAY-nee-us KOR-ah-NER-ee IN-ter-VEN-shun

Word Analysis

per/ cutane/ ous coron/ ary

through/ skin/ pertaining to heart/ pertaining to

144
Q

pericardiocentesis

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: puncture of the tissue around the heart

Pron: PER-ee-KAR-dee-oh-sin-TEE-sis

Word Analysis

peri/ cardio/ centesis

around/ heart/ puncture

145
Q

pericardiotomy

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: incision into the tissue around the heart

Pron: PER-ee-KAR-dee-AW-toh-mee

Word Analysis

peri/ cardio/ tomy

around/ heart/ incision

146
Q

valvectomy

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical removal of a heart valve

Pron: val-VEK-toh-mee

Word Analysis

valv/ ectomy

valve/ removal

147
Q

valvotomy

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: incision into a heart valve

Pron: val-VAW-toh-mee

Word Analysis

valvo/ tomy

valve/ incision

Note: Alternative spelling valvulotomy, using valvulo, is also acceptable

148
Q

valvuloplasty

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical reconstruction of a heart valve

Pron: VAL-vyoo-loh-PLAS-tee

Word Analysis

vavulo/ plasty

valve/ reconstruction

149
Q

ventriculotomy

heart procedures

plan

A

Def: incision into a ventricle

Pron: ven-TRK-yoo-LAW-toh-mee

Word Analysis

ventriculo/ tomy

ventricle/ incision

150
Q

anastomosis

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: the creation of an opening between two normally separate structures

Pron: ah-NAS-tah-moh-sis

Word Analysis

ana/ stom/ osis

up/ mouth/ condition

Note: The an- prefix here doesn’t mean “not”; rather, iti is short for ana and means “up” or “out.” The “not” meaning is much more common, but there are also a few important examples of the “up/out” meaning, such as anabolic

151
Q

aneurysmectomy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical removal of an aneurysm

Pron: AN-yir-IZ-um-EK-toh-mee

Word Analysis

an/ eury/ sm / ectomy

up/ wide/ condition/ removal

152
Q

angioplasty

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical reconstruction of a vessel

Pron: AN-jee-oh-PLAS-tee

Word Analysis

angio/ plasty

vessel/ reconstruction

153
Q

angiorrhaphy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: suture of a vessel

Pron: AN-jee-OR-ah-fee

Word Analysis

angio/ rrhaphy

vessel/ suture

154
Q

aortorrhaphy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: suture of the aorta

Pron: ay-or-TOR-ah-fee

Word Analysis

aorto/ rrhaphy

aorta/ suture

155
Q

aortotomy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: incision into the aorta

Pron: ay-or-TAW-toh-mee

Word Analysis

aorto/ tomy

aorta/ incision

156
Q

arteriectomy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical removal of an artery

Pron: ar-TER-ee-EK-toh-mee

Word Analysis

arteri/ ectomy

artery/ removal

157
Q

arterioplasty

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical reconstruction of an artery

Pron: ar-TER-ee-oh-PLAS-tee

Word Analysis

arterio/ plasty

artery/ reconstruction

158
Q

arteriorrhaphy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: suture of an artery

Pron: ar-TER-ee-OR-ah-fee

Word Analysis

arterio/ rrhaphy

artery/ suture

159
Q

atherectomy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery

Pron: A-ther-EK-toh-mee

Word Analysis

ather/ ectomy

fatty plaque/ removal

160
Q

embolectomy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical removal of an embolus

Pron: EM-boh-LEK-toh-mee

Word Analysis

embol/ ectomy

embolus/ removal

161
Q

endarterectomy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical removal of the inside of an artery

Pron: END-ar-ter-EK-toh-mee

Word Analysis

end/ arter/ ectomy

inside/ artery/ removal

162
Q

phlebectomy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical removal of a vein

Pron: fleb-EK-toh-mee

Word Analysis

phleb/ ectomy

vein/ removal

163
Q

phlebophlebostomy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: procedure to create an opening between two veins

Pron: FLEB-oh-fleb-AW-stoh-mee

Word Analysis

phlebo/ phlebo/ stomy

vein/ vein/ opening

164
Q

varicotomy **

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical removal of a varicose vein

Pron: VAR-ih-KAW-toh-mee

Word Analysis

varico/ tomy

swollen/ incision

Note: Normally, you would expect -ectomy to mean “removal,” but varicetomy was probably too much of a mouthful

165
Q

venectomy

circulation procedures

plan

A

Def: surgical removal of a vein

Pron: veh-NEK-toh-mee

Word Analysis

ven/ ectomy

vein/ removal

166
Q

AAA

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: abdominal aortic aneurysm

167
Q

A-fib

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: atrial fibrillation

168
Q

ASD

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: atrial septal defect

169
Q

BP

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: blood pressure

170
Q

CABG

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: coronary artery bypass graft

171
Q

CAD

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: coronary artery disease

172
Q

CHF

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: congestive heart failure

173
Q

CO

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: cardiac output

174
Q

CTA

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: computed tomographic angiography

175
Q

DVT

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: Deep Vein Thrombosis

176
Q

ECHO

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: echocardiogram

177
Q

EKG

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: electrocardiogram

178
Q

HTN

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: hypertension

179
Q

MI

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: myocardial infarction

180
Q

MRA

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: magnetic resonance angiography

181
Q

MVP

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: mitral valve prolapse

182
Q

NSR

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: normal sinus rhythm

183
Q

PCI

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: percutaneous coronary intervention

184
Q

SCA

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: sudden cardiac arrest

185
Q

SV

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: stroke volume

186
Q

TEE

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: transesophageal echocardiogram

187
Q

VSD

cardiovascular system abbreviations

A

Def: ventricular septal defect

Medical Terminolgy (10 decks)

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