Chapter-9 The Cardiovascular System- Cardiology Flashcards
1
Q
valvul/o
roots
A
Def: valve
Ex: valvulotomy, valvulitis
Notes: The heart has four valves: two atrioventricular valves and two valves between the ventricles and arteries. The purpose of heart valves is to prevent blood from flowing backward.
2
Q
atri/o
roots
A
Def: atrium (upper chamber)
Ex: atrium, atrial fibrillation
Notes: The atrium is the upper portion of each side of the heart. The term comes from Roman architecture, where it referred to the large open area that was characteristic of most Roman houses; typically, all the other rooms of the house would branch off from this center space. Even today, a large central area in a building is often called its atrium.
3
Q
sept/o
roots
A
Def: septum (plural: septa)
Ex: atrial septal defect, septoplasty
Notes: Septum comes from a Latin word meaning “partition” or “dividing structure” and can refer to any wall dividing two cavities. There are numerous septa throughout the body, including between the two sides of the heart. The easiest to find is the nasal septum. If you place an index finger in each nostril and try to make them touch, what you are feeling is the nasal septum. If you find that your nasal septum leans to one side, you have a deviated septum.
4
Q
ventricul/o
roots
A
Def: ventricle (lower chamber)
Ex: ventriculotomy
Notes: The ventricle is the lower portion of each side of the heart. The word is a combination of venter (stomach) plus the diminutive suffix -icle, and means “little stomach.”
5
Q
cardi/o
roots
A
Def: heart
Ex: cardiology, cardiac arrest, myocarditis
Notes: The root cardio can be tricky because it ends in the double vowel io. You expect the o to go away sometimes, but when a suffix beginning with an i is added to this root, not just the o, but also an i disappears as well. For example: myo (muscle) + cardio (heart) + itis (inflammation) = myocard-I-itis.
6
Q
coron/o
roots
A
Def: heart
Ex: coronary artery, coronary thrombosis
Notes: the term corona literally means “crown” and refers to the way the blood vessels that supply the heart descend and support the heart like a crown. The term coronary is used in medical language to refer specifically to the heart’s blood supply.
7
Q
angi/o
roots
A
Def: vessel
Ex angioplasty angiogram
Notes: All these roots come form words meaning “jar” or “pitcher.” Angio comes from Greek, and vaso and vasculo come from Latin. Although blood vessels don’t look like jars, they do hold a lot of liquid- almost 6 quarts in the average man and almost 4 quarts in the average woman.
8
Q
vas/o
roots
A
Def: vessel
Ex: vasodilator
9
Q
vascul/o
roots
A
Def: vessel
Ex: vasculitis
10
Q
aort/o
roots
A
Def: aorta
Ex: aortitis, aortolith
Notes: The aorta is the main artery leaving the heart and distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body. Its name means “to rise up” and refers to the fact that as the aorta leaves the heart, it rises up briefly and branches off into the arteries that supply the upper body before making what is called the arch of the aorta and descending into the lower body.
11
Q
arteri/o
roots
A
Def: artery
Ex: arteriosclerosis, endarterectomy
Notes: Arteries are the large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from heart to body tissue. It’s funny that the word artery is actually a Greek word for “trachea” or “windpipe,” a reference to the fact that some of the body’s arteries are so large that early students of anatomy thought they carried air.
12
Q
ather/o
roots
A
Def: fatty plaque
Ex: atherosclerosis
Notes: This root comes from Greek, for “gruel” or “porridge.” Be careful: This root is easily confused with arterio, especially in the words arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. There’s a reason for the confusion: atherosclerosis is actually a form of arterosclerosis. Arterioclerosis means “hardening of an artery” and atherosclerosis means “hardening of an artery due specifically to buildup of fatty plaque.”
13
Q
phleb/o
roots
A
Def: vein
Ex: phlebotomy
14
Q
ven/o
roots
A
Def: ven/o
Ex: venospasm
15
Q
angina pectoris
heart
subjective
A
Def: oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart
Pron: an-JAI-nah PEK-tor-is
Word Analysis
angina pectoris
to choke chest
16
Q
arrhythmia
heart
subjective
A
Def: irregular heartbeat
Pron: ay-RITH-mee-ah
Word Analysis
a/ rrhythm/ ia
no/ rhythm/ condition
17
Q
dysrhythmia
heart
subjective
A
Def: irregular heartbeat
Pron: dis-RITH-mee-ah
Word Analysis
dys/ rhythm/ ia
bad/ rhythm/ condition
18
Q
palpitation
heart
subjective
A
Def: rapid or irregular beating of the heart
Pron: PAL-pih-TAY-shun
Word Analysis
from Latin, for “to flutter”
19
Q
pectoralgia
heart
subjective
A
Def: chest pain
Pron: PEK-tor-AL-jah
Word Analysis
pector/ algia
chest/ pain
20
Q
aortalgia
circulation
subjective
A
Def: pain in the aorta
Pron: AY-or-TAL-jah
Word Analysis
aort/ algia
aorta/ pain
21
Q
diaphoresis
circulation
subjective
A
Def: profuse sweating
Pron: DAI-ah-for-EE-sis
Word Analysis
dia/ phoresis
through/ carry
22
Q
hemorrhage
circulation
subjective
A
Def: loss of blood
Pron: HEM-or-RIJ
Word Analysis
hemo/ rrhage
blood/ burst forth
23
Q
phlebalgia
circulation
subjective
A
Def: pain in a vein
Pron: fleh-BAL-jah
Word Analysis
phleb/ algia
vein/ pain
24
Q
endocardium
heart structure
objective
A
Def: tissue lining the inside of the heart
Pron: EN-doh-KAR-dee-um
Word Analysis
endo/ card/ ium
inside/ heart/ tissue
25
epicardium
heart structure
objective
Def: tissue lining the outside of the heart
Pron: EH-puh-KAR-dee-um
Word Analysis
epi/ card/ ium
upon/ heart/ tissue
26
myocardium
heart structure
objective
Def: heart muscle tissue
Pron: MAI-oh-KAR-dee-um
Word Analysis
myo/ card/ ium
muscle/ heart/ tissue
27
pericardium
heart structure
objective
Def: tissue around the heart
Pron: PER-uh-KAR-dee-um
Word Analysis
peri/ card/ ium
around/ heart/ tissue
28
bradycardia
heart
objective
Def: slow heartbeat
Pron: BRAY-dih-KAR-dee-ah
Word Analysis
brady/ card/ ia
slow/ heart/ condition
29
cardiomegaly
heart
objective
Def: an enlarged heart
Pron: KAR-dee-oh-MEH-gah-lee
Word Analysis
cardio/ megaly
heart/ enlargement
30
cardiotoxic
heart
objective
Def: poisonous to the heart
Pron: KAR-dee-oh-TOK-sik
Word Analysis
cardio/ toxic
heart/ poison
31
cyanosis
heart
objective
Def: bluish appearance to the skin -- a sign that the tissue isn't receiving enough oxygen
Pron: SAI-ah-NOH-sis
Word Analysis
cyan/ osis
blue/ condition
32
murmur
heart
objective
Def: abnormal heart sound
Pron: MIR-mir
Word Analysis
from Latin, for "to grumble" or "hum"
33
tachycardia
heart
objective
Def: rapid heartbeat
Pron: TAK-ih-KAR-dee-ah
Word Analysis
tachy/ card/ ia
fast/ heart/ condition
34
vena cava
circulation structure
objective
Def: a large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart
Pron: VEE-nah CAY-nah
Word Analysis
vena cava
vein hollow
35
inferior vena cava
circulation structure
objective
Def: a portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body
Pron: in-FEER-ee-or VEE-nah CAY-vah
Word Analysis
inferior vena cava
lower vein hollow
36
superior vena cava
circulation structure
objective
Def: a portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms)
Pron: soo-PEER-ee-or VEE-nah CAY-vah
Word Analysis
superior vena cava
upper vein hollow
37
angiogenesis
circulation
objective
Def: development of blood vessels
Pron: AN-jee-oh-JIN-eh-sis
Word Analysis
angio/ genesis
vessel/ creation
38
angiolith
circulation
objective
Def: stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel
Pron: AN-jee-oh-LITH
Word Analysis
angio/ lith
vessel/ stone
39
angiopoiesis
circulation
objective
Def: formation of blood vessels
Pron: AN-jee-oh-poh-EE-sis
Word Analysis
angio/ poiesis
vessel/ formation
40
angiosclerosis
circulation
objective
Def: hardening of a blood vessel
Pron: AN-jee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
Word Analysis
angio/ scler/ osis
vessel/ hard/ condition
41
aortectasia
circulation
objective
Def: dilation of the aorta
Pron: ay-OR-tek-TAY-zhah
Word Analysis
aort/ ectasia
aorta/ dilation
42
aortic stenosis
circulation
objective
Def: narrowing of the aorta
Pron: ay-OR-tik stih-NOH-sis
Word Analysis
aort/ ic sten/ osis
aorta/ pertaining to narrow/ condition
43
aortolith
circulation
objective
Def: stone deposit in the wall of the aorta
Pron: ay-OR-toh-LITH
Word Analysis
aorto/ lith
aorta/ stone
44
arteriolith
circulation
objective
Def: stone in the artery
Pron: ar-TER-ee-oh-LITH
Word Analysis
arterio/ lith
artery/ stone
45
arteriorrhexis
circulation
objective
Def: rupture of an artery
Pron: ar-TER-ee-oh-REK-sis
Word Analysis
arterio/ rrhexis
artery/ rupture
46
arteriosclerosis
circulation
objective
Def: hardening of an artery
Pron: ar-TER-ee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
Word Analysis
arterio/ scler/ osis
artery/ hard/ condition
47
atherogenesis
circulation
objective
Def: formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery
Pron: A-ther-oh-JIN-eh-sis
Word Analysis
athero/ genesis
fatty plaque/ creation
48
atherosclerosis
circulation
objective
Def: hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque
Pron: A-ther-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
Word Analysis
athero/ scler/ osis
fatty plaque/ hard/ condition
49
embolus
circulation
objective
Def: mass of matter present in the blood
Pron: EM-boh-lus
Word Analysis
em/ bolus
in/ throw
Note: In Greek, this word was used to mean "stopper," as in the opening of a bottle
50
embolism
circulation
objective
Def: a blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus
Pron: EM-boh-LIZ-um
Word Analysis
embol/ ism
embolus/ condition
51
ischemia
circulation
objective
Def: blockage of blood flow to an organ
Pron: ih-SKEE-mee-ah
Word Analysis
isch/ emia
hold back/ blood condition
52
occlusion
circulation
objective
Def: closing or blockage of a passage
Pron: oh-KLOO-zhun
Word Analysis
from Latin, for "to close off"
53
phlebosclerosis
circulation
objective
Def: hardening of a vein
Pron: FLEB-oh-skleh-ROH-sis
Word Analysis
phlebo/ scler/ osis
vein/ hard/ condition
54
thrombus
circulation
objective
Def: blood clot
Pron: THROM-bus
Word Analysis
from Greek, for "lump," "clot," or even "curd of milk"
Note: The difference between a thrombus and an embolus is twofold. A thrombus is a clot of blood and is stationary. An embolus is foreign material and is in motion. When a thrombus breaks off, it becomes a thromboembolus.
55
varicose veins
circulation
objective
Def: an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin
Pron: VAR-ih-kohs VAYNS
Word Analysis
varicose veins
swollen/ twisted veins
56
vasospasm
circulation
objective
Def: involuntary contraction of a blood vessel
Pron: VAS-oh-SPAZ-um
Word Analysis
vaso/ spasm
vessel/ involuntary contraction
57
venosclerosis
circulation
objective
Def: hardening of a vein
Pron: VEE-noh-skleh-ROH-sis
Word Analysis
veno/ scler/ osis
vein/ hard/ condition
58
venospasm
circulation
objective
Def: involuntary contraction of a vein
Pron: VEE-noh-SPAZ-um
Word Analysis
veno/ spasm
vein/ involuntary contraction
59
venostasis
circulation
objective
Def: trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression
Pron: VEE-noh-STA-sis
Word Analysis
veno/ stasis
vein/ standing
Note: This name refers not to the fact that the blood is trapped but, instead, to the fact that the blood is standing still and not moving
60
angiogram
radiology
objective
Def: a record of the blood vessels
Pron: AN-jee-oh-GRAM
Word Analysis
angio/ gram
vessel/ record
61
angiography
radiology
objective
Def: procedure to describe the blood vessel
Pron: AN-jee-AW-grah-fee
Word Analysis
angio/ graphy
vessel/ writing procedure
62
aortogram
radiology
objective
Def: record of the aorta
Pron: ay-OR-tah-GRAM
Word Analysis
aorto/ gram
aorta/ record
63
arteriogram
radiology
objective
Def: record of an artery
Pron: ar-TER-ee-oh-GRAM
Word Analysis
arterio/ gram
artery/ record
64
venogram
radiology
objective
Def: a record of a vein
Pron: VEE-noh-gram
Word Analysis
veno/ gram
vein/ record
65
angioscope
diagnostic procedures
objective
Def: device for looking into a blood vessel
Pron: AN-jee-oh-SKOWP
Word Analysis
angio/ scope
vessel/ device for looking
66
cardiac catheterization
diagnostic procedures
objective
Def: a process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart
Pron: KAR-dee-ak KATH-eh-ter-ih-ZAY-shun
Word Analysis
cardi/ ac catheter/ ization
heart/ pertaining to catheter/ procedure
Note: The word catheter comes from Greek words meaning " to go inside." By passing a tube through arteries, doctors are able to diagnose and treat heart problems without performing major surgery.
67
echocardiogram
diagnostic procedures
objective
Def: an image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on a heart
Word Analysis
echo/ cardio/ gram
echo/ heart/ record
68
echocardiography
diagnostic procedures
objective
Def: use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on a heart
Pron: EK-oh-KAR-dee-AW-grah-fee
Word Analysis
echo/ cardio/ graphy
echo/ heart/ writing procedure
69
electrocardiogram
diagnostic procedures
objective
Def: record of the electrical currents of the heart
Pron: eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
Word Analysis
electro/ cardio/ gram
electricity/ heart/ record
70
electrocardiography
diagnostic procedures
objective
Def: procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart
Pron: eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-AW-grah-fee
Word Analysis
electro/ cardio/ graphy
electricity/ heart/ writing procedure
71
sonography
diagnostic procedures
objective
Def: use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound
Pron: saw-NAW-grah-fee
Word Analysis
sono/ graphy
sound/ writing procedure
72
stress electrocardiogram
diagnostic procedures
objective
Def: records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences an increase in an exercise stress
Pron: STRES eh-LEK-troh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
Word Analysis
stress electro/ cardio/ gram
stress electricity/ heart/ record
73
transesophageal echocardiogram
diagnostic procedures
objective
Def: record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus
Pron: TRANZ-eh-SOF-ah-JEE-al EK-oh-KAR-dee-oh-GRAM
Word Analysis
trans/ esophag/ eal
through/ esophagus/ pertaining to
echo/ cardio/ gram
echo/ heart/ record
74
vascular endoscopy
diagnostic procedures
objective
Def: procedure to look inside a blood vessel
Pron: VAS-kyoo-lar en-DAW-skoh-pee
Word Analysis
vascul/ ar endo/ scopy
vessel/ pertaining to inside/ looking procedure
75
blood pressure
professional terms
objective
Def: the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels
Pron: BLUD PRESH-ir
Word Analysis
blood pressure
76
diastolic pressure
professional terms
objective
Def: pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is relaxed
Pron: DAI-ah-STAW-lik PRESH-ir
Word Analysis
dia/ stol/ ic pressure
through/ send/ pertaining to
Note: Stole comes from Greek, for "to send." It can also be found in the word epistle, which means "letter" or "something you send someone."
77
systolic pressure
professional terms
objective
Def: pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is contracting
Pron: sih-STRAW-lik PRESH-ir
Word Analysis
sys/ stol/ ic pressure
together/ send/ pertaining to
78
cardiologist
professional terms
objective
Def: heart specialist
Pron: KAR-dee-AW-loh-jist
Word Analysis
cardio/ logist
heart/ specialist
79
cardiology
professional terms
objective
Def: branch of medicine dealing with the heart
Pron: KAR-dee-AW-loh-jee
Word Analysis
cardio/ logy
heart/ study
80
cardiovascular
professional terms
objective
Def: pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
Pron: KAR-dee-oh-VAS-kyoo-lar
Word Analysis
cardio/ vascul/ ar
heart/ vessel/ pertaining to
81
circulation
professional terms
objective
Def: moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart
Pron: SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun
Word Analysis
from Latin, for "to go in a circle"
82
coronary circulation
professional terms
objective
Def: circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle ( the heart always feed itself first)
Pron: KOR-ah-NER-ee SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun
Word Analysis
coron/ ary circulation
heart/ pertaining to
83
phlebologist
professional terms
objective
Def: specialist in veins
Pron: fleb-AW-loh-jist
Word Analysis
phlebo/ logist
vein/ specialist
84
phlebology
professional terms
objective
Def: a study of veins
Pron: fleb-AW-loh-jee
Word Analysis
phlebo/ logy
vein/ study
85
phlebotomist
professional terms
objective
Def: one who draws blood
Pron: fleh-BAW-toh-mist
Word Analysis
phlebo/ tom/ ist
vein/ incision/ specialist
86
phlebotomy
professional terms
objective
Def: incision into a vein- the technical term for drawing blood
Pron: fleh-BAW-toh-mee
Word Analysis
phlebo/ tomy
vein/ incision
87
pulmonary circulation
professional terms
objective
Def: circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it)
Pron: PUL-mon-AR-ee SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun
Word Analysis
pulmon/ ary circulation
lung/ pertaining to
88
systemic circulation
professional terms
objective
Def: circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body
Pron: sih-STEM-ik SIR-kyoo-LAY-shun
Word Analysis
sys/ stem/ ic circulation
together/ stand/ pertaining to
89
angiocarditis
heart
assessment
Def: inflammation of the heart vessel
Pron: AN-jee-oh-kar-DAI-tis
Word Analysis
angio/ card/ itis
vessel/ heart/ inflammation
90
atrial fibrillation
heart
assessment
Def: quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart's atrium
91
atrial septal defect (ASD)
heart
assessment
Def: flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart
Pron: AY-tree-al SEP-tal DEE-fekt
Word Analysis
atri/ al sept/ al de/ fect
atrium/ pertaining to septum/ pertaining to bad/ made
92
cardiac arrest
heart
assessment
Def: cessation of functional circulation
Pron: KAR-dee-ak ah-REST
Word Analysis
cardi/ ac arrest
heart/ pertaining to stop
93
cardiomyopathy
heart
assessment
Def: disease of the heart muscle
Pron: KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee
Word Analysis
cardio/ myo/ pathy
heart/ muscle/ disease
94
congestive cardiomyopathy
heart
assessment
Def: heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/ slow pumping of blood
Pron: con-JES-tiv KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee
Word Analysis
con/ gestive cardiomyopathy
together/ bring
95
dilated cardiomyopathy
heart
assessment
Def: another term for congestive cardiomyopathy
Pron: DAI-lay-ted KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee
Word Analysis
dilated cardio/ myo/ pathy
expanded heart/ muscle/ disease
96
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
heart
assessment
Def: heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow
Pron: HAI-per-TROH-fik KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee
Word Analysis
hyper/ troph/ ic cardiomyopathy
over/ developed/ pertaining to
97
restrictive cardiomyopathy
heart
assessment
Def: heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body
Pron: ree-STRIK-tiv KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-pah-thee
Word Analysis
re/ strict/ ive cardiomyopathy
back/ tied/ pertaining to
98
carditis
heart
assessment
Def: inflammation of the heart
Pron: kar-DAI-tis
Word Analysis
card/ itis
heart/ inflammation
99
congenital heart defect
heart
assessment
Def: flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth
Pron: con-JEN-ih-tal HART DEE-fekt
Word Analysis
con/ genit/ al heart de/ fect
together/ birth/ pertaining to heart bad/ made
100
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart
assessment
Def: heart failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive)
Pron: con-JES-tiv HART FAYL-yir
Word Analysis
con/ gest/ ive heart failure
together/ bring/ pertaining to
101
coronary thrombosis
heart
assessment
Def: obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot
Pron: KOR-ah-NER-ee throm-BOH-sis
Word Analysis
coron/ ary thromb/ osis
heart/ pertaining to clot/ condition
102
endocarditis
heart
assessment
Def: inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart
Pron: EN-doh-kar-DAI-tis
Word Analysis
endo/ card/ itis
inside/ heart/ inflammation
103
myocardial infarction (MI)
heart
assessment
Def: death of heart muscle tissue
Pron; MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al in-FARK-shun
Word Analysis
myo/ cardi/ al in/ farc/ tion
muscle/ heart/ pertaining to in/ stuff/ condition
Note: The term infarction originally referred to a blocked blood vessel, but it came to refer to the death of tissue resulting from the blockage.
104
myocardial ischemia
heart
assessment
Def: blockage of blood to the heart muscle
Pron: MAI-oh-KAR-dee-al ih-SKEE-mee-ah
Word Analysis
myo/ cardi/ al isch/ emia
muscle/ heart/ pertaining to hold back/ blood condition
105
myocarditis
heart
assessment
Def: inflammation of the heart muscle
Pron: MAI-oh-kar-DAI-tis
Word Analysis
myo/ card/ itis
muscle/ heart/ inflammation
106
pericardial effusion
heart
assessment
Def: fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart
Pron: PER-ee-KAR-dee-al ee-FYOO-zhun
Word Analysis
peri/ cardi/ al ef/ fusion
around/ heart/ pertaining to out/ pour
107
pericarditis
heart
assessment
Def: inflammation of the tissue around the heart
Pron: PER-ee-kar-DAI-tis
Word Analysis
wperi/ card/ itis
around/ heart/ inflammation
108
valvulitis
heart
assessment
Def: inflammation of a heart valve
Pron: VAL-vyoo-LAI-tis
Word Analysis
valvul/ itis
valve/ inflammation
109
ventricular septal defect (VSD)
heart
assessment
Def: flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart
Pron: ven-TRIK-yoo-lar SEP-tal DEE-fekt
Word Analysis
ventricul/ ar sept/ al de/ fect
ventricle/ pertaining to septum/ pertaining to bad/ made
110
aneurysm
circulation
assessment
Def: the bulge in a blood vessel
Pron: AN-yir-IZ-um
Word Analysis
an/ eury/ sm
up/ wide/ condition
Note: The an- prefix here doesn't mean "not", rather, it is short for ana and means "up" or "out." The "not" meaning is much more common, but there are also a few important examples of the "up/out" meaning, such as anabolic
111
angioedema
circulation
assessment
Def: swelling of the blood vessels
Pron: AN-jee-oh-eh-DEE-mah
Word Analysis
angio/ edema
vessel/ swelling
112
angioma
circulation
assessment
Def: blood vessel tumor
Pron: AN-jee-OH-mah
Word Analysis
angi/ oma
vessel/ tumor
113
aortic aneurysm
circulation
assessment
Def: bulging or swelling of the aorta
Pron: ay-OR-tik AN-yir-IZ-um
Word Analysis
aort/ ic an/eury/ sm
aorta/ pertaining to up/ wide/ condition
114
aortic regurgitation
circulation
assessment
Def: the flow of blood backward from the aorta into the heart; caused by a weak heart valve
Pron: ay-OR-tik ree-GIR-jih-TAY-shun
Word Analysis
aort/ic re/ gurgit/ ation
aorta/ pertaining to back/ bubble/ condition
115
aortitis
circulation
assessment
Def: inflammation of the aorta
Pron: ay-or-TAI-tis
Word Analysis
aort/ itis
aorta/ inflammation
116
arteriopathy
circulation
assessment
Def: disease of the arteries
Pron: ar-TER-ee-AW-pah-thee
Word Analysis
arterio/ pathy
artery/ disease
117
arteritis
circulation
assessment
Def: inflammation of the arteries
Pron: AR-ter-AI-tis
Word Analysis
arter/ itis
artery/ inflammation
118
deep vein thrombosis
circulation
assessment
Def: formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg
Pron: DEEP VAYN throm-BOH-sis
Word Analysis
deep vein thromb/ osis
dep vein clot/ condition
119
hypertension
circulation
assessment
Def: high blood pressure
Pron: HAI-per-TEN-shun
Word Analysis
hyper/ tens/ ion
over/ stretch/ condition
120
hypotension
circulation
assessment
Def: low blood pressure
Pron: HAI-poh-TEN-shun
Word Analysis
hypo/ tens/ ion
under/ stretch/ condition
121
normotension
circulation
assessment
Def: normal blood pressure
Pron: NOR-moh-TEN-shun
Word Analysis
normo/ tens/ ion
normal/ stretch/ condition
122
phlebitis
circulation
assessment
Def: inflammation of the veins
Pron: fleh-BAI-tis
Word Analysis
phleb/ itis
vein/ inflammation
123
phlebostenosis
circulation
assessment
Def: narrowing of the veins
Pron: FLEB-oh-sten-OH-sis
Word Analysis
phlebo/ sten/ osis
vein/ narrow/ condition
124
thrombophlebitis
circulation
assessment
Def: inflammation of vein caused by a clot
Pron: THROM-boh-fleh-BAI-tis
Word Analysis
thrombo/ phleb/ itis
clot/ vein/ inflammation
125
vasculitis
circulation
assessment
Def: inflammation of blood vessels
Pron: VAS-kyoo-LAI-tis
Word Analysis
vascul/ itis
vessel/ inflammation
126
antianginal
pharmacology
plan
Def: drug that prevents or relieves the symptoms of angina pectoris
Pron: AN-tee-AN-jih-nal
Word Analysis
anti/ angin / al
against/ angina (choke)/ agent
127
antiarrhythmic
pharmacology
plan
Def: a drug that opposes an irregular heartbeat
Pron: AN-tee-a-RITH-mik
Word Analysis
anti/ a/ rrhythm/ ic
against/ no/ rhythm/ agent
128
anticoagulant
pharmacology
plan
Def: drug that opposes the coagulation of the blood
Pron: AN-tee-koh-AG-yoo-lant
Word Analysis
anti/ coagul/ ant
against/ coagulation/ agent
129
antihypertensive
pharmacology
plan
Def: a drug that opposes high blood pressure
Pron: AN-tee-HAI-per-TEN-siv
Word Analysis
anti/ hyper/ tens/ ive
against/ over/ stretch/ agent
130
cardiotonic
pharmacology
plan
Def: drug that increases the strength of the heart contractions
Pron: KAR-dee-oh-TAW-nik
Word Analysis
cardio/ ton/ ic
heart/ tone/ agent
131
thrombolytic
pharmacology
plan
Def: drug that breaks down clots
Pron: THROM-boh-LIH-tik
Word Analysis
thrombo/ lyt/ ic
clot/ loose/ agent
132
vasocontrictor
pharmacology
plan
Def: drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel
Pron: VAS-oh-kin-STRIK-tor
Word Analysis
vaso/ constrict/ or
vessel/ narrowing/ agent
133
vasodilator
pharmacology
plan
Def: drug that causes the relaxation or expansion of a blood vessel
Pron: VAS-oh-DAI-lay-tor
Word Analysis
vaso/ dilat/ or
vessel/ expanding/ agent
134
vasopressor
pharmacology
plan
Def: drug that constricts or narrows the diameter of a blood vessel
Pron: VAS-oh-PRES-or
Word Analysis
vaso/ press/ or
vessel/ press/ agent
135
cardiomyotomy
heart procedures
plan
Def: incision into the heart muscle
Pron: KAR-dee-oh-mai-AW-toh-mee
Word Analysis
cardio/ myo/ tomy
heart/ muscle/ incision
136
cardiopulmonary bypass
heart procedures
plan
Def: a procedure that temporarily circulates and oxygenates a patient's blood during the portion of heart surgery where the heart is stopped
cardio/ pulmon/ ary bypass
heart/ lung/ pertaining to
137
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
heart procedures
plan
Def: basic life support
Pron: KAR-dee-oh-PUL-mon-AR-ee re-SUS-uh-TAY-shun
Word Analysis cardio/ pulmon/ ary re/ suscit/ ation
heart/ lung/ pertaining to again/ stir up/ procedure
Note: Despite its name, CPR does not actually resuscitate an unconscious patient. Rather, through artificial breathing and chest compression, an unresponsive patient's blood circulates and is kept oxygenated until further steps can be taken.
138
cardiothoracic surgery
heart procedures
plan
Def: surgery that involves cutting through the patient's chest to get to the heart
Pron: KAR-dee-oh-thoh-RA-sik SIR-jir-ee
Word Analysis
cardio/ thorac/ ic surgery
heart/ chest/ pertaining to
Note: Remember, a c before an a, o, or u makes a k sound (KAR-dee-oh) but before an i or e, it makes an s sound (thoh-RA-sik)
139
cardioversion
heart procedures
plan
Def: returning a heart to a normal rhythm
Pron: KAR-dee-oh-VER-zhun
Word Analysis
cardio/ vers/ ion
heart/ turn/ procedure
140
coronary arterectomy
heart procedures
plan
Def: surgical removal of a coronary artery
Pron: KOR-ah-NER-ee AR-ter-EK-toh-mee
Word Analysis
coron/ ary arter/ ectomy
heart/ pertaining to artery/ removal
141
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
heart procedures
plan
Def: a borrowed piece of blood vessel used to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
Pron: KOR-ah-NER-ee AR-ter-ee BAI-pas GRAFT
Word Analysis
coronary artery bypass graft
142
coronary artery bypass surgery
heart procedures
plan
Def: surgery to bypass a blocked artery in the heart
Pron: KOR-ah-NER-ee AR-ter-ee BAI-pas SIR-jir-ee
Word Analysis
coronary artery bypass surgery
143
percutaneous coronary intervention
heart procedures
plan
Def: alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient's blood vessels into the heart
Pron: PER-kyoo-TAY-nee-us KOR-ah-NER-ee IN-ter-VEN-shun
Word Analysis
per/ cutane/ ous coron/ ary
through/ skin/ pertaining to heart/ pertaining to
144
pericardiocentesis
heart procedures
plan
Def: puncture of the tissue around the heart
Pron: PER-ee-KAR-dee-oh-sin-TEE-sis
Word Analysis
peri/ cardio/ centesis
around/ heart/ puncture
145
pericardiotomy
heart procedures
plan
Def: incision into the tissue around the heart
Pron: PER-ee-KAR-dee-AW-toh-mee
Word Analysis
peri/ cardio/ tomy
around/ heart/ incision
146
valvectomy
heart procedures
plan
Def: surgical removal of a heart valve
Pron: val-VEK-toh-mee
Word Analysis
valv/ ectomy
valve/ removal
147
valvotomy
heart procedures
plan
Def: incision into a heart valve
Pron: val-VAW-toh-mee
Word Analysis
valvo/ tomy
valve/ incision
Note: Alternative spelling valvulotomy, using valvulo, is also acceptable
148
valvuloplasty
heart procedures
plan
Def: surgical reconstruction of a heart valve
Pron: VAL-vyoo-loh-PLAS-tee
Word Analysis
vavulo/ plasty
valve/ reconstruction
149
ventriculotomy
heart procedures
plan
Def: incision into a ventricle
Pron: ven-TRK-yoo-LAW-toh-mee
Word Analysis
ventriculo/ tomy
ventricle/ incision
150
anastomosis
circulation procedures
plan
Def: the creation of an opening between two normally separate structures
Pron: ah-NAS-tah-moh-sis
Word Analysis
ana/ stom/ osis
up/ mouth/ condition
Note: The an- prefix here doesn't mean "not"; rather, iti is short for ana and means "up" or "out." The "not" meaning is much more common, but there are also a few important examples of the "up/out" meaning, such as anabolic
151
aneurysmectomy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: surgical removal of an aneurysm
Pron: AN-yir-IZ-um-EK-toh-mee
Word Analysis
an/ eury/ sm / ectomy
up/ wide/ condition/ removal
152
angioplasty
circulation procedures
plan
Def: surgical reconstruction of a vessel
Pron: AN-jee-oh-PLAS-tee
Word Analysis
angio/ plasty
vessel/ reconstruction
153
angiorrhaphy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: suture of a vessel
Pron: AN-jee-OR-ah-fee
Word Analysis
angio/ rrhaphy
vessel/ suture
154
aortorrhaphy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: suture of the aorta
Pron: ay-or-TOR-ah-fee
Word Analysis
aorto/ rrhaphy
aorta/ suture
155
aortotomy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: incision into the aorta
Pron: ay-or-TAW-toh-mee
Word Analysis
aorto/ tomy
aorta/ incision
156
arteriectomy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: surgical removal of an artery
Pron: ar-TER-ee-EK-toh-mee
Word Analysis
arteri/ ectomy
artery/ removal
157
arterioplasty
circulation procedures
plan
Def: surgical reconstruction of an artery
Pron: ar-TER-ee-oh-PLAS-tee
Word Analysis
arterio/ plasty
artery/ reconstruction
158
arteriorrhaphy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: suture of an artery
Pron: ar-TER-ee-OR-ah-fee
Word Analysis
arterio/ rrhaphy
artery/ suture
159
atherectomy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: surgical removal of fatty plaque within an artery
Pron: A-ther-EK-toh-mee
Word Analysis
ather/ ectomy
fatty plaque/ removal
160
embolectomy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: surgical removal of an embolus
Pron: EM-boh-LEK-toh-mee
Word Analysis
embol/ ectomy
embolus/ removal
161
endarterectomy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: surgical removal of the inside of an artery
Pron: END-ar-ter-EK-toh-mee
Word Analysis
end/ arter/ ectomy
inside/ artery/ removal
162
phlebectomy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: surgical removal of a vein
Pron: fleb-EK-toh-mee
Word Analysis
phleb/ ectomy
vein/ removal
163
phlebophlebostomy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: procedure to create an opening between two veins
Pron: FLEB-oh-fleb-AW-stoh-mee
Word Analysis
phlebo/ phlebo/ stomy
vein/ vein/ opening
164
varicotomy **
circulation procedures
plan
Def: surgical removal of a varicose vein
Pron: VAR-ih-KAW-toh-mee
Word Analysis
varico/ tomy
swollen/ incision
Note: Normally, you would expect -ectomy to mean "removal," but varicetomy was probably too much of a mouthful
165
venectomy
circulation procedures
plan
Def: surgical removal of a vein
Pron: veh-NEK-toh-mee
Word Analysis
ven/ ectomy
vein/ removal
166
AAA
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: abdominal aortic aneurysm
167
A-fib
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: atrial fibrillation
168
ASD
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: atrial septal defect
169
BP
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: blood pressure
170
CABG
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: coronary artery bypass graft
171
CAD
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: coronary artery disease
172
CHF
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: congestive heart failure
173
CO
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: cardiac output
174
CTA
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: computed tomographic angiography
175
DVT
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: Deep Vein Thrombosis
176
ECHO
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: echocardiogram
177
EKG
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: electrocardiogram
178
HTN
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: hypertension
179
MI
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: myocardial infarction
180
MRA
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: magnetic resonance angiography
181
MVP
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: mitral valve prolapse
182
NSR
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: normal sinus rhythm
183
PCI
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: percutaneous coronary intervention
184
SCA
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: sudden cardiac arrest
185
SV
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: stroke volume
186
TEE
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: transesophageal echocardiogram
187
VSD
cardiovascular system abbreviations
Def: ventricular septal defect
