Chapter 9: Substance Use Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

psychoactive substances

A

a chemical that alters mental ability, mood, or behavior

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2
Q

substance use disorder

A

psychological disorders that are characterized by loss of control over urges to use a psychoactive substance, even though such use may impair functioning or cause distress

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3
Q

substance intoxication

A

the reversible dysfunctional effects on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that arise from the use of psychoactive substance

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4
Q

tolerance

A

the biological response that arises from repeated use of a substance such that more of it is required to obtain the same effect

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5
Q

withdrawal

A

the set of symptoms that arises when a regular substance decreases or stops intake of an abused substance

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6
Q

common liabilities model

A

the model that explain how neurological, psychological, and social factors make a person vulnerable to a variety of problematic behaviors, including substance use disorders; also called problem behavior theory

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7
Q

gateway hypothesis

A

the proposal that use can become a use disorder when “entry” drugs serve as a gateway to (or the first stage in the progression to) use of “harder” drugs

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8
Q

polysubstance abuse

A

a behavior pattern of abusing more than one substance

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9
Q

dopamine reward system

A

the system of neurons, primarily in the nucleus accumbens and ventral segmental area, that relies on dopamine and gives rise to pleasant feelings

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10
Q

reward craving

A

the desire for the gratifying effect of using a substance

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11
Q

relief craving

A

the desire for the temporary emotional relief that can arise from using a substance

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12
Q

delirium tremors

A

the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal that include uncontrollable shaking, confusion, convulsion, visual hallucination, and fever

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13
Q

detoxification

A

medically supervised discontinuation of substance for those with substance use disorder; also referred to as detox

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14
Q

antabuse

A

a medication for treating alcohol use disorder, relies on a different approach

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15
Q

stages of change

A

a series of five stages that characterizes how ready a person is to change problematic behaviors: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance

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16
Q

motivational enhancement therapy

A

a form of treatment specifically designed to boost a patient’s motivation to decrease or stop substance use by highlighting discrepancies between stated person goals related to substance use and current behavior; also referred to as motivational interviewing

17
Q

family therapy

A

a treatment that involves an entire family or some portion of a family

18
Q

drug cues

A

the stimuli associated with drug use that come to elicit conditioned responses through their repeated pairing with use of the drug