Chapter 9: Substance Use Disorders

Question 1

psychoactive substances

Answer 1

a chemical that alters mental ability, mood, or behavior

Question 2

substance use disorder

Answer 2

psychological disorders that are characterized by loss of control over urges to use a psychoactive substance, even though such use may impair functioning or cause distress

Question 3

substance intoxication

Answer 3

the reversible dysfunctional effects on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that arise from the use of psychoactive substance

Question 4

tolerance

Answer 4

the biological response that arises from repeated use of a substance such that more of it is required to obtain the same effect

Question 5

withdrawal

Answer 5

the set of symptoms that arises when a regular substance decreases or stops intake of an abused substance

Question 6

common liabilities model

Answer 6

the model that explain how neurological, psychological, and social factors make a person vulnerable to a variety of problematic behaviors, including substance use disorders; also called problem behavior theory

Question 7

gateway hypothesis

Answer 7

the proposal that use can become a use disorder when “entry” drugs serve as a gateway to (or the first stage in the progression to) use of “harder” drugs

Question 8

polysubstance abuse

Answer 8

a behavior pattern of abusing more than one substance

Question 9

dopamine reward system

Answer 9

the system of neurons, primarily in the nucleus accumbens and ventral segmental area, that relies on dopamine and gives rise to pleasant feelings

Question 10

reward craving

Answer 10

the desire for the gratifying effect of using a substance

Question 11

relief craving

Answer 11

the desire for the temporary emotional relief that can arise from using a substance

Question 12

delirium tremors

Answer 12

the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal that include uncontrollable shaking, confusion, convulsion, visual hallucination, and fever

Question 13

detoxification

Answer 13

medically supervised discontinuation of substance for those with substance use disorder; also referred to as detox

Question 14

antabuse

Answer 14

a medication for treating alcohol use disorder, relies on a different approach

Question 15

stages of change

Answer 15

a series of five stages that characterizes how ready a person is to change problematic behaviors: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance

Question 16

motivational enhancement therapy

Answer 16

a form of treatment specifically designed to boost a patient’s motivation to decrease or stop substance use by highlighting discrepancies between stated person goals related to substance use and current behavior; also referred to as motivational interviewing

Question 17

family therapy

Answer 17

a treatment that involves an entire family or some portion of a family

Question 18

drug cues

Answer 18

the stimuli associated with drug use that come to elicit conditioned responses through their repeated pairing with use of the drug