Chapter 5: Mood Disorder and Suicide Flashcards
major depressive episode (MDE)
a mood episode characterized by severe depression that lasts at least 2 weeks
anhedonia
difficulty or inability to experience pleasure
psychomotor agitation
inability to sit still, evidenced by pacing, hand wringing, or rubbing or pulling the skin, clothes, or other objects
psychomotor retardation
slowing of motor functions indicated by slowed bodily movements and speech and lower volume, variety, or amount of speech
hypersomnia
sleeping more hours each day than normal
prodrome
early symptoms of a disorder
premorbid
referring to the period if time prior to a patient’s illness
major depressive disorder (MDD)
mood disorder marked by five or more symptoms of an MDE lasting more than 2 weeks
phototherapy
treatment for depression that uses full-spectrum lights; also called light-box therapy
age cohort
group of people born in a particular range of years
persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
a depressive disorder that involves as few as two symptoms of a major depressive episode but in which the symptoms persist for at least 2 years
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
a depressive disorder in children characterized by persistent irritability and frequent episodes of out-of-control behavior
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
medications that slow the reuptake of serotonin from synapses
tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
older antidepressants named after the three rings of atoms in their molecular structure
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
antidepressant medications that increase the amount of monoamine neurotransmitter in synapses
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a procedure that sends electrical pulses into the brain to cause a controlled brain seizure, in an effort to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of certain psychological disorders
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
procedure that sends sequences of short, strong magnetic pulses into the brain via a coil placed on the scalp, which is used to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of certain psychological disorders
behavior therapy
the form of treatment that rests on the ideas that:
(1) maladaptive behaviors stem from previous learning
(2) new learning can allow patients to develop more adaptive behaviors, which in turn can change cognitions and emotions
cognitive therapy
the form of treatment that rests on the ideas that:
(1) mental contents influence feelings and behavior
(2) irrational thoughts and incorrect beliefs lead to psychological problems
(3) correcting such thoughts and beliefs will therefore lead to better mood and more adaptive behavior
cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)
the form of treatment that combines methods from cognitive and behavior therapies
interpersonal therapy (IPT)
the form of treatment that is intended to improve the patient’s skills in relationships so that they become more satisfying
bipolar disorders
mood disorders in which a person’s mood is often persistently and abnormally upbeat or shifts inappropriately from upbeat to markedly down
manic episode
a period of at least 1 week characterized by abnormally increased energy or activity and abnormal and persistent euphoria or expansive mood or irritability
expansive mood
a mood that involves unceasing, indiscriminate enthusiasm for interpersonal or sexual interactions or for projects
flight of ideas
thoughts that race faster than they can be said
rapid cycling (of moods)
having four or more episodes that meet the criteria for any type of mood episode within 1 year
cyclothymic disorder
a mood disorder characterized by chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance with numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms alternating with depressive symptoms, each of which does not meet the criteria for its respective mood episodes
mood stabilizer
a category of medication that minimizes mood swings
lithium
the oldest mood stabilizer
suicidal ideation
thoughts of suicide
