Chapter 5: Mood Disorder and Suicide

Question 1

major depressive episode (MDE)

Answer 1

a mood episode characterized by severe depression that lasts at least 2 weeks

Question 2

anhedonia

Answer 2

difficulty or inability to experience pleasure

Question 3

psychomotor agitation

Answer 3

inability to sit still, evidenced by pacing, hand wringing, or rubbing or pulling the skin, clothes, or other objects

Question 4

psychomotor retardation

Answer 4

slowing of motor functions indicated by slowed bodily movements and speech and lower volume, variety, or amount of speech

Question 5

hypersomnia

Answer 5

sleeping more hours each day than normal

Question 6

prodrome

Answer 6

early symptoms of a disorder

Question 7

premorbid

Answer 7

referring to the period if time prior to a patient’s illness

Question 8

major depressive disorder (MDD)

Answer 8

mood disorder marked by five or more symptoms of an MDE lasting more than 2 weeks

Question 9

phototherapy

Answer 9

treatment for depression that uses full-spectrum lights; also called light-box therapy

Question 10

age cohort

Answer 10

group of people born in a particular range of years

Question 11

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

Answer 11

a depressive disorder that involves as few as two symptoms of a major depressive episode but in which the symptoms persist for at least 2 years

Question 12

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

Answer 12

a depressive disorder in children characterized by persistent irritability and frequent episodes of out-of-control behavior

Question 13

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 13

medications that slow the reuptake of serotonin from synapses

Question 14

tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

Answer 14

older antidepressants named after the three rings of atoms in their molecular structure

Question 15

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer 15

antidepressant medications that increase the amount of monoamine neurotransmitter in synapses

Question 16

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 16

a procedure that sends electrical pulses into the brain to cause a controlled brain seizure, in an effort to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of certain psychological disorders

Question 17

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 17

procedure that sends sequences of short, strong magnetic pulses into the brain via a coil placed on the scalp, which is used to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of certain psychological disorders

Question 18

behavior therapy

Answer 18

the form of treatment that rests on the ideas that:

(1) maladaptive behaviors stem from previous learning
(2) new learning can allow patients to develop more adaptive behaviors, which in turn can change cognitions and emotions

Question 19

cognitive therapy

Answer 19

the form of treatment that rests on the ideas that:

(1) mental contents influence feelings and behavior
(2) irrational thoughts and incorrect beliefs lead to psychological problems
(3) correcting such thoughts and beliefs will therefore lead to better mood and more adaptive behavior

Question 20

cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)

Answer 20

the form of treatment that combines methods from cognitive and behavior therapies

Question 21

interpersonal therapy (IPT)

Answer 21

the form of treatment that is intended to improve the patient’s skills in relationships so that they become more satisfying

Question 22

bipolar disorders

Answer 22

mood disorders in which a person’s mood is often persistently and abnormally upbeat or shifts inappropriately from upbeat to markedly down

Question 23

manic episode

Answer 23

a period of at least 1 week characterized by abnormally increased energy or activity and abnormal and persistent euphoria or expansive mood or irritability

Question 24

expansive mood

Answer 24

a mood that involves unceasing, indiscriminate enthusiasm for interpersonal or sexual interactions or for projects

Question 25

flight of ideas

Answer 25

thoughts that race faster than they can be said

Question 26

rapid cycling (of moods)

Answer 26

having four or more episodes that meet the criteria for any type of mood episode within 1 year

Question 27

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 27

a mood disorder characterized by chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance with numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms alternating with depressive symptoms, each of which does not meet the criteria for its respective mood episodes

Question 28

mood stabilizer

Answer 28

a category of medication that minimizes mood swings

Question 29

lithium

Answer 29

the oldest mood stabilizer

Question 30

suicidal ideation

Answer 30

thoughts of suicide