Chapter 12: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
schizophrenia
a psychological disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms that significantly affect emotions, behavior, and mental processes and mental contents
positive symptoms
symptoms of schizophrenia that are characterized by the presence of abnormal or distorted mental processes, mental contents, or behaviors
hallucinations
sensations that are so vivid that the perceived objects or events seem real, although they are not. can occur in any of the 5 senses
delusions
persistent false beliefs that are held despite evidence that the beliefs are incorrect or exaggerate reality
catatonia
a condition in which a person does not respond to the environment or remains in an odd posture or position, with rigid muscles, for hours
negative symptoms
symptoms of schizophrenia that are characterized by the absence or reduction of normal mental processes, mental contents, or behaviors
flat affect
a lack of, or considerably diminished, emotional expression, such as occurs when someone speaks robotically and shows little facial expression
avolition
a negative symptom of schizophrenia marked by difficulty initiating or following through with activities
executive functions
mental processes involved in planning, organizing, problem solving, abstract thinking, and exercising good judgment
schizophreniform disorder
psychotic disorder characterized by symptoms that meet all the criteria for schizophrenia except that the symptoms have been present for only 1-6 months, and daily functioning may or may not have declined over that period of time
brief psychotic disorder
a psychotic disorder characterized by the sudden onset of positive or disorganized symptoms that last between 1 day and 1 month and are followed by full recovery
schizoaffective disorder
a psychotic disorder characterized by the presence of both schizophrenia and a depressive or manic episode
delusional disorder
a psychotic disorder characterized by the presence of delusions that have persisted for more than 1 month
prodromal phase
phase of a psychological disorder between the onset of symptoms and the time when the minimum criteria for a disorder are met
active phase
phase of a psychological disorder in which the person exhibits the symptoms that meet the criteria for the disorder
biological marker
neurological, bodily, or behavioral characteristic that distinguishes people with a psychological disorder from those without the disorder
theory of mind
theory about how other people’s mental states (their beliefs, desires, and feelings) that allows a person to predict how other people will react in a given situation
high expressed emotion (high EE)
a family interaction style characterized by hostility, unnecessary criticism, or emotional overinvolvement
social selection hypothesis
people who are mentally ill “drift” to a lower socioeconomic level because of their impairments; AKA social drift
social causation hypothesis
the daily stressors of urban life, especially as experienced by people in a lower socioeconomic class, trigger mental illness in those who are vulnerable
tardive dyskinesia
an enduring side effect of traditional antipsychotic medications that produces involuntary lip smacking and odd facial contortions as well as other movement-related sypmtoms
atypical antipsychotics
a relatively new class of antipsychotic medications that affects dopamine and serotonin activity; AKA second-generation antipsychotics
community care
programs that allow mental health care providers to visit patients in their homes at any time of the day or night; AKA assertive community treatment
