Chapter 12: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

schizophrenia

Answer 1

a psychological disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms that significantly affect emotions, behavior, and mental processes and mental contents

Question 2

positive symptoms

Answer 2

symptoms of schizophrenia that are characterized by the presence of abnormal or distorted mental processes, mental contents, or behaviors

Question 3

hallucinations

Answer 3

sensations that are so vivid that the perceived objects or events seem real, although they are not. can occur in any of the 5 senses

Question 4

delusions

Answer 4

persistent false beliefs that are held despite evidence that the beliefs are incorrect or exaggerate reality

Question 5

catatonia

Answer 5

a condition in which a person does not respond to the environment or remains in an odd posture or position, with rigid muscles, for hours

Question 6

negative symptoms

Answer 6

symptoms of schizophrenia that are characterized by the absence or reduction of normal mental processes, mental contents, or behaviors

Question 7

flat affect

Answer 7

a lack of, or considerably diminished, emotional expression, such as occurs when someone speaks robotically and shows little facial expression

Question 8

avolition

Answer 8

a negative symptom of schizophrenia marked by difficulty initiating or following through with activities

Question 9

executive functions

Answer 9

mental processes involved in planning, organizing, problem solving, abstract thinking, and exercising good judgment

Question 10

schizophreniform disorder

Answer 10

psychotic disorder characterized by symptoms that meet all the criteria for schizophrenia except that the symptoms have been present for only 1-6 months, and daily functioning may or may not have declined over that period of time

Question 11

brief psychotic disorder

Answer 11

a psychotic disorder characterized by the sudden onset of positive or disorganized symptoms that last between 1 day and 1 month and are followed by full recovery

Question 12

schizoaffective disorder

Answer 12

a psychotic disorder characterized by the presence of both schizophrenia and a depressive or manic episode

Question 13

delusional disorder

Answer 13

a psychotic disorder characterized by the presence of delusions that have persisted for more than 1 month

Question 14

prodromal phase

Answer 14

phase of a psychological disorder between the onset of symptoms and the time when the minimum criteria for a disorder are met

Question 15

active phase

Answer 15

phase of a psychological disorder in which the person exhibits the symptoms that meet the criteria for the disorder

Question 16

biological marker

Answer 16

neurological, bodily, or behavioral characteristic that distinguishes people with a psychological disorder from those without the disorder

Question 17

theory of mind

Answer 17

theory about how other people’s mental states (their beliefs, desires, and feelings) that allows a person to predict how other people will react in a given situation

Question 18

high expressed emotion (high EE)

Answer 18

a family interaction style characterized by hostility, unnecessary criticism, or emotional overinvolvement

Question 19

social selection hypothesis

Answer 19

people who are mentally ill “drift” to a lower socioeconomic level because of their impairments; AKA social drift

Question 20

social causation hypothesis

Answer 20

the daily stressors of urban life, especially as experienced by people in a lower socioeconomic class, trigger mental illness in those who are vulnerable

Question 21

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 21

an enduring side effect of traditional antipsychotic medications that produces involuntary lip smacking and odd facial contortions as well as other movement-related sypmtoms

Question 22

atypical antipsychotics

Answer 22

a relatively new class of antipsychotic medications that affects dopamine and serotonin activity; AKA second-generation antipsychotics

Question 23

community care

Answer 23

programs that allow mental health care providers to visit patients in their homes at any time of the day or night; AKA assertive community treatment