Chapter 1: The History of Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal psychology

A

subfield of psychology that addresses causes & progression of psychological disorders

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2
Q

psychological disorder

A

pattern of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that causes significant personal distress, impairment, or risk of harm. (Has to be unusual for context and culture).

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3
Q

psychosis

A

an impaired ability to perceive reality to the extent that normal functioning is difficult or not possible

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4
Q

2 types of psychosis?

A

hallucinations & delusions

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5
Q

hallucinations

A

sensations so vivid that perceived objects or events seem real but aren’t

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6
Q

delusions

A

persistent false beliefs that are held despite evidence that beliefs are incorrect or exaggerate reality

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7
Q

culture

A

shared norms and values of a society that are explicitly and implicitly conveyed to its members by example & through use of reward & punishment

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8
Q

asylums

A

institutions to house and care for people who are afflicted with mental illness

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9
Q

moral treatment

A

treatment of the mentally ill that involved providing an environment in which people with mental illness were treated with kindness and respect and functioned as part of community

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10
Q

Freud

A

psychoanalytic theory, id, ego, superego, psychosexual stages, defense mechanisms

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11
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

the theory that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are a result of conscious and unconscious forces continually interacting in the mind

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12
Q

id

A

(Freud) the seat of sexual and aggressive drivers, as well as of the desire for immediate gratification of physical & psychological needs

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13
Q

superego

A

(Freud) seat of the conscience, which works to impose morality

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14
Q

ego

A

(Freud) psychic structure that is charged with mediating between the id’s demands for immediate gratification & the superego’s high standards of morality, as well as constraints of external reality

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15
Q

psychosexual stages

A

(Freud) sequence of 5 stages of development through which children proceed from infancy to adulthood; each stage has task that must be completed for healthy psychological development

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16
Q

Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages

A
  1. oral
  2. anal
  3. phallic
  4. latency
  5. genital
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17
Q

neurosis

A

(psychoanalytic theory) pattern of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that expresses an unresolved conflict between ego & id or between ego & superego

18
Q

defense mechanisms

A

unconscious processes that work to transform psychological conflict in order to prevent unacceptable thoughts and feelings from reaching consciousness

19
Q

repression

A

(defense mechanism) unintentionally keeping conflict-inducing thoughts or feelings out of conscious awareness

20
Q

denial

A

(defense mechanism) not acknowledging the conflict-inducing thoughts or feelings to oneself (and others)

21
Q

rationalization

A

(defense mechanism) justifying the conflict-inducing thoughts, feelings, or behaviors with explanations

22
Q

projection

A

(defense mechanism) projecting conflict-inducing thoughts or feelings onto others

23
Q

reaction formation

A

(defense mechanism) transforming the conflict-inducing thoughts or feelings into their opposite

24
Q

sublimation

A

(defense mechanism) channeling the conflict-inducing thoughts or feelings into less-threatening behaviors

25
psychodynamic theory
psychoanalytic theory but evolved and more modern (though generally still considered not that empirically supported)
26
mental processes
internal operations that underlie cognitive and emotional functions (such as perception, memory, and guilt feelings) and most human behavior
27
mental contents
specific material that is stored in the mind and operated on by mental processes
28
humanistic psychology
Maslow; focuses on free will, innate goodness, creativity, and the self
29
incongruence
Carl Rogers: incongruence between the ideal self and the real self
30
behaviorism
focuses on understanding directly observable behaviors rather than unobservable mental processes and mental contents
31
Pavlov's dogs
behavior can evolve from learning!
32
cognitive psychology
thinking of brain like a computer; treatments involving restructuring people's faulty beliefs and irrational thoughts that led to psychological disorders
33
4 types of attachment style
1. secure 2. resistant / anxious 3. avoidant 4. disorganized
34
secure attachment
become upset when mother leaves but calm down when she returns
35
resistant / anxious attachment
become angry when mother leaves & remain angry upon her return
36
avoidant attachment
no change in emotion based on mother's presence or absence
37
disorganized attachment
combination of resistant and avoidant styles & also appear confused or fearful with mother
38
diathesis-stress model
a psychological disorder is triggered when a person with a predisposition (diathesis) for the particular disorder experiences an environmental event that causes significant stress
39
biopsychosocial approach
view that a psychological disorder arises from the combined influences of three types of factors: biological, psychological, and social
40
neuropsychological approach
view that a psychological disorder arises from the combined influences of neurological, psychological, and social factors (which affect and are affected by one another through feedback loops)