Chapter 9 Selecting the Sample

Question 1

A _______ is defined as the entire group under study,

Answer 1

population

Question 2

A ______ is defined as an accounting of the complete population.

Answer 2

census

Question 3

A _______ is a subset of the population that suitably represents that entire group.

Answer 3

sample

Question 4

A ________ is the basic level of investigation.

Answer 4

sample unit

Question 5

A ________ is a master source of sample units in the population.

Answer 5

sample frame

Question 6

_______, which is the degree to which the sample frame fails to account for all of the population.

Answer 6

sample frame error

Question 7

_______ is any error in a survey that occurs because a sample is used.

Answer 7

Sampling error

Question 8

Whenever a sample is taken, the survey will reflect _____.

Answer 8

sampling error

Question 9

Taking a ______ is less expensive than taking a census.

Answer 9

sample

Question 10

All sample designs fall into one of two categories:

Answer 10

probability or nonprobability

Question 11

________ are samples where members of the population have a known chance (probability) of being selected into the sample.

Answer 11

Probability samples

Question 12

_______, on the other hand, are samples where the chances (probability) of selecting members from the population into the sample are unknown.

Answer 12

Nonprobability samples

Question 13

With ______, the method determines the chances, or probability, of a sample unit being selected into the sample.

Answer 13

probability sampling

Question 14

With __________, the probability of being selected into the sample is equal for all members of the population.

Answer 14

simple random sampling

Question 15

Formula for simple random sample probability

Answer 15

Probability of selection = sample size/ population size

Question 16

With _________, the probability of selection into the sample is known for all members of the population.

Answer 16

simple random sampling

Question 17

Examples of simple random sampling include the ______ and ______

Answer 17

random device method and the random numbers method.

Question 18

The _________, sometimes referred to as “probability device method,” involves using an apparatus or procedure to ensure that every member of the population has the same chance of being selected into the sample.

Answer 18

random device method

Question 19

The “_____” is a form of simple random sampling.

Answer 19

random device

Question 20

A random number embodies simple _________

Answer 20

random sampling assumptions.

Question 21

_________, which are numbers whose chance nature is assured.

Answer 21

random numbers

Question 22

Using _______ to draw a simple random sample requires a complete accounting of the population.

Answer 22

random numbers

Question 23

________ (RDD) is used in telephone surveys to overcome the problems of unlisted and new telephone numbers.

Answer 23

Random digit dialing

Question 24

________ overcomes problems of unlisted and new telephone numbers.

Answer 24

Random digit dialing

Question 25

______ is a way to select a random sample from a directory or list, and it is much more efficient than simple random sampling.

Answer 25

Systematic sampling

Question 26

Formula for skip interval

Answer 26

Skip interval=population list size/sample size

Question 27

_________ is more efficient than simple random sampling because only one or a very few random numbers need to be drawn at the beginning.

Answer 27

Systematic sampling

Question 28

With _________, the small loss in sampling precision is counterbalanced by its economic savings.

Answer 28

systematic sampling

Question 29

_______, the population is divided into subgroups or “clusters,” each of which could represent the entire population.

Answer 29

cluster sampling

Question 30

_______ , the researcher subdivides the population to be surveyed into geographic areas, such as census tracts, cities, neighborhoods, or any other convenient and identifiable geographic designation

Answer 30

area sampling

Question 31

_________, the researcher may believe that the various geographic areas (clusters) are sufficiently identical for results in just one area to be generalized to the full population.

Answer 31

one-step area sample approach

Question 32

_________ approach to the sampling process. That is, for the first step, the researcher could select a random sample of areas, then for the second step, he or she could decide on a probability method to sample individuals within the chosen areas.

Answer 32

two-step area sample

Question 33

________ employs either a one-step or two-step approach.

Answer 33

Area sampling

Question 34

________, which separates the population into different subgroups and then samples all of the subgroups.

Answer 34

stratified sampling

Question 35

_________ distribution has a long tail on one end and a short tail on the other.

Answer 35

skewed population

Question 36

__________ is used when the researcher is working with a “skewed” population and wishes to achieve high statistical efficiency.

Answer 36

Stratified sampling

Question 37

With stratified random sampling, one takes a skewed population and identifies the subgroups or _______ contained within it.

Answer 37

strata

Question 38

________, whose formula takes into consideration the sizes of the strata relative to the total population size, and applies those proportions to the strata’s means.

Answer 38

weighted mean

Question 39

A stratified sample may require the calculation of a ________ to achieve accuracy.

Answer 39

weighted mean

Question 40

Formula for weighted mean

Answer 40

Meanpopulation=(meanA)(proportionA)+(meanB)(proportionB)

Question 41

Researchers should select a basis for stratification that reveals ______ across the strata.

Answer 41

different responses

Question 42

________ which is some easily determined characteristic of each population member,

Answer 42

surrogate measure,

Question 43

If the strata sample sizes are scaled to their relative sizes in the population, the research design reflects a ________

Answer 43

proportionate stratified sample

Question 44

________, meaning that for the same sample size, researchers may obtain equivalent precision among the strata

Answer 44

statistical efficiency

Question 45

__________, and a weighted formula needs to be used because the strata sizes do not reflect their relative proportions in the population

Answer 45

disproportionate stratified sampling

Question 46

Samples drawn from groups to which the researcher has easy access are called _________

Answer 46

convenience samples

Question 47

With __________ methods, some members of the population do not have any chance of being included in the sample.

Answer 47

nonprobability sampling

Question 48

_________ are convenience samples.

Answer 48

Mall intercepts

Question 49

Convenience samples may ________ the population.

Answer 49

misrepresent

Question 50

Sometimes called “snowball samples,” ________ require respondents to provide the names of more prospective respondents

Answer 50

chain referral samples

Question 51

One source19 identifies four advantages of chain referral sampling:

Answer 51

(1) find samples quickly, (2) low cost, (3) works for hesitant respondents, and (4) able to access special populations, such as drug users

Question 52

_______ require that a judgment or “educated guess” be made as to who should represent the population.

Answer 52

purposive samples

Question 53

When a researcher specifies percentages of the total sample for various types of individuals to be interviewed and selects them via nonprobability sampling, this is called a _______

Answer 53

quota sample

Question 54

______ rely on key characteristics to define the composition of the sample.

Answer 54

Quota samples

Question 55

_______ are appropriate when researchers have a detailed demographic profile of the population on which to base the sample.

Answer 55

Quota samples

Question 56

______ are comprised of individuals who have consented to participate in online surveys

Answer 56

Online panel samples

Question 57

Types of online samples include

Answer 57

online panel samples, river samples, and email list samples.

Question 58

A ________ is created via the use of banners, pop-ups, or other online devices that invite website visitors to take part in a survey.

Answer 58

river sample

Question 59

________ are those purchased or otherwise procured from a person or company that has compiled email addresses of members of the population of interest.

Answer 59

Email list samples

Question 60

A ________ lists all the steps necessary to draw a sample.

Answer 60

sample plan