Chapter 10 Determining the Size of a Sample

Question 1

the false belief that sample size determines a sample’s representativeness.

Answer 1

large sample size bias

Question 2

The size of a sample has nothing to do with its representativeness. Sample size affects the ___________.

Answer 2

sample accuracy

Question 3

The _________ is the correct method by which to determine sample size.

Answer 3

confidence interval approach

Question 4

_________ pertains to all sources of error other than the sample selection method and sample size, including problem specification mistakes, question bias, data recording errors, or incorrect analysis.

Answer 4

Nonsampling error

Question 5

The only perfectly accurate sample is a _____.

Answer 5

census

Question 6

The ______ the size of the (probability) sample, the _____ its margin of sample error.

Answer 6

larger

lower

Question 7

Margin of sample error formula

Answer 7

Margin of Sample Error%=1.96×p×qn

Question 8

With a sample size of _____ or more, very little gain in accuracy occurs even with doubling or tripling the sample size.

Answer 8

1,000

Question 9

______ refers to how similar (or dissimilar) responses are to a given question.

Answer 9

Variability

Question 10

A _____ split in responses signifies maximum variability (dissimilarity) in the population, whereas a _____ split signifies little variability.

Answer 10

50/50

90/10

Question 11

Sample error formula with p = 50% and q = 50%

Answer 11

±Margin of Sample Error%=1.96×2,500n

Question 12

A ______ is a range whose endpoints define a certain percentage of the responses to a question.

Answer 12

confidence interval

Question 13

The theory called the _______ underlies many statistical concepts, and this theory is the basis of the fifth axiom

Answer 13

central limit theorem

Question 14

A ________ defines endpoints based on knowledge of the area under a bell-shaped curve.

Answer 14

confidence interval

Question 15

Confidence interval formula

Answer 15

Confidence interval=p±margin of sample error

Question 16

The _______ gives the range of findings if the survey were replicated many times with the identical sample size.

Answer 16

confidence interval

Question 17

With few exceptions, the _____ and the _______ are not related to each other.

Answer 17

sample size

size of the population

Question 18

To compute sample size, only three items are required:

Answer 18

variability, acceptable sample error, and confidence level.

Question 19

Standard sample size formula

Answer 19

n=z2(pq)e2

Question 20

The _________ is applicable if you are concerned with the nominally scaled questions in the survey, such as yes or no questions.

Answer 20

standard sample size formula

Question 21

_________ is represented by the term e, which is the amount of sample error the researcher will permit to be associated with the survey.

Answer 21

Acceptable margin of sample error

Question 22

In marketing research, a ___ level of confidence is standard practice.

Answer 22

95%

Question 23

In marketing research, a ___ level of confidence is standard practice.

Answer 23

95%

Question 24

When estimating a standard deviation, researchers may rely on

Answer 24

a) prior knowledge of the population (previous study); (b) a pilot study; or (c) divide the range by 6.

Question 25

By estimating p to be other than ___, the researcher can reduce the sample size and save money.

Answer 25

50%

Question 26

Researchers can estimate variability by

Answer 26

(a) assuming maximum variability (p = 50%, q = 50%), (b) seeking previous studies on the population, or (c) conducting a small pilot study.

Question 27

Marketing researchers often must help decision makers understand the _________ of their requests for high precision, expressed as acceptable sample error.

Answer 27

sample size implications

Question 28

Use of _______ level of confidence is standard in sample size determination.

Answer 28

95% or 99%

Question 29

The researcher must take ____ into consideration when determining sample size.

Answer 29

cost

Question 30

A table that relates data collection cost and sample error is a useful tool when deciding on the ______.

Answer 30

survey sample size

Question 31

______ rely on erroneous rules of thumb.

Answer 31

Arbitrary sample size approaches

Question 32

_________ are simple and easy to apply, but they are neither efficient nor economical.

Answer 32

Arbitrary sample sizes

Question 33

Using _______ can result in a sample that may be too small or too large.

Answer 33

conventional sample size

Question 34

________ ignore the special circumstances of the survey at hand.

Answer 34

Conventional sample sizes

Question 35

, meaning that the researcher wishes to perform a particular type of data analysis that has sample size requirements.

Answer 35

statistical analysis approach

Question 36

Sometimes the researcher’s desire to use particular statistical techniques influences ______.

Answer 36

sample size

Question 37

Using _____ as the sole determinant of sample size may seem wise, but it is not.

Answer 37

cost

Question 38

The appropriateness of using cost as a ______ depends on when cost factors are considered.

Answer 38

basis for sample size

Question 39

a __________ is one in which the sample exceeds 5% of the total population size.

Answer 39

small population situation

Question 40

, which is an adjustment factor that is approximately equal to the square root of that proportion of the population not included in the sample.

Answer 40

finite multiplier

Question 41

With ______, you should use the finite multiplier to determine sample size.

Answer 41

small populations

Question 42

Small population sample size formula

Answer 42

Small Population Sample Size=sample size formula n×N−nN−1

Question 43

Appropriate use of the _________ will reduce a calculated sample size and save money when performing research on small populations.

Answer 43

finite multiplier formula

Question 44

When using ________ sampling, sample size is unrelated to accuracy, so cost–benefit considerations must be used.

Answer 44

nonprobability