Chapter 9- Sedimentary, Igneous And Metaphoric Rocks

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

Substances that form rocks. Each mineral has its own chemical make up.

Question 2

Lithosphere

Answer 2

The outer layer of the earth including the crust and uppermost part of the mantle.

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

A very hot mixture of molten rock from below the earths surface.

Question 4

Sediments

Answer 4

Material decomposed by weathering and erosion that is taken away by wind or water to be collected in layers

Question 5

Native Elements

Answer 5

Elements found untouched in the earths crust.

Question 6

Crystals

Answer 6

A substance made up of different shaped Atoms and molecules. Depending on the weather conditions and types of elements present, as a crystal forms, determines how the atoms and molecules form and therefore, the shape of the crystal.

Question 7

Lustre

Answer 7

The way a mineral looks, when subjected to light. A mineral can appear in a variety of ways ; see through, cloudy, shiny, dark, white gloss, silky or brilliant.

Question 8

Streak

Answer 8

Colour of a mineral after it’s been ground onto rough white ceramic tile

Question 9

Hardness

Answer 9

Term used to state the difficulty of scratching the surface of a solid material. The hardness of a mineral, is decided comparing it with 10 standard minerals. Diamond has a hardness rating of 10 and can scratch other minerals with a lower hardness rating.

Question 10

Igneous Rocks

Answer 10

Rocks that form after the cooling of lava after it erupts from a volcano.

Question 11

Extrusive Rocks

Answer 11

Igneous rocks that form if the lava cools above the earths surface.

Question 12

Pumice

Answer 12

Rock that forms when lava has been shot out a volcano.

Question 13

Scoria

Answer 13

Igneous rock that is formed from gassy quick cooling lava.

Question 14

Abrasive

Answer 14

A substance that easily scratches another.

Question 15

Basalt

Answer 15

Dark, igneous rock with small crystals due to fast cooling lava.

Question 16

Obsidian

Answer 16

A black, reflective like rock that cracks into small fragments with smooth shell like surfaces.

Question 17

Metamorphism

Answer 17

A process changing rocks by extreme pressure, or heat.

Question 18

Metamorphic rock

Answer 18

Rock formed from another rock that has experienced extreme pressure or heat

Question 19

Slate

Answer 19

Metamorphic rock formed because of moderate heat and pressure on shale.

Question 20

Marble

Answer 20

Metamorphic rock formed due to great pressure on limestone.

Question 21

Gneiss

Answer 21

Metamorphic rock formed due to great pressure on granite.

Question 22

Mineral ores

Answer 22

Rocks mined to gain access to a metal or other chemical within them.

Question 23

Mining

Answer 23

Extraction of natural resources from the earth.

Question 24

Environmental impact statement (EIS)

Answer 24

Study of the theorised effects of a planned project on the environment.

Question 25

Rehabilitated

Answer 25

Restored to its previous condition.

Question 26

Overburden

Answer 26

Waste rock removed from below the soil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

Question 27

Open cut mining

Answer 27

Mining on the surface of the land.

Question 28

Underground mining

Answer 28

Mining deep below the surface.

Question 29

Stone Age

Answer 29

Around the beginning of time when the first humans made implements of stone.

Question 30

Alloy

Answer 30

A mixture of two metals and a non metal.

Question 31

Flint

Answer 31

A fine grained sedimentary rock which if broken, leaves a very shape engravement.

Question 32

Percussion flaking

Answer 32

A process where tool stones (Flint, Obsidian) are struck with harder stones such as quartzite. This removed large flakes that can be used to make small tools.

Question 33

Fossil

Answer 33

Remains of a pre historic animal to show evidence it once walked the earth.

Question 34

Palaeontologist

Answer 34

Scientist who studies fossils.

Question 35

Folding

Answer 35

When rocks are buckled due to being pressured from both sides.

Question 36

Relative age

Answer 36

When a different age of rock is compared with another age of rock.

Question 37

Carnivores

Answer 37

Animals that eat other animals.

Question 38

Scavengers

Answer 38

Animals that eat already killed animals remains after other animals are finished with them for e.g hyenas.

Question 39

Mould

Answer 39

Cavity in a rock that shows the sharp of tough parts an organis, for e.g types of fungi on the surface of foods.

Question 40

Trace fossils

Answer 40

Evidence of fossils such as footprint that provide evidence an organism was present when the rock was formed.

Question 41

Extinct

Answer 41

Describes when a species dies out. E.g dinosaurs are extinct.