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Science > Chapter 3- Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Unicellular

A

Single called organism

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2
Q

Multicellular

A

Two or more celled organism

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3
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Membrane bound organelles (nucleus)

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4
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No membrane bound organelles (no nucleus)

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5
Q

Microwave

A

A length of one millionth of a square

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6
Q

Nanometer

A

A unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a square.

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7
Q

Nanotechnology

A

Field that includes studies of cells and other objects of small dimension.

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8
Q

Cell membrane

A

Structure that controls what enters and exits cell

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9
Q

Cytosol

A

The fluid inside cells

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10
Q

Ribosomes

A

Small areas of a cell in which proteins such as enzymes form.

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11
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly like material inside a cell carrying organelles such as nucleus and vacuoles.

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12
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reaction occurring within an organism causing the organism to use energy to grow and repair cells.

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13
Q

Binary fission

A

Reproduction of an organism usually from a singular cell into two new organisms.

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14
Q

Animalia

A

The kingdom of organisms that have cells with a membrane around the nucleus.

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15
Q

Plantae

A

Kingdom of cells with a membrane around the nucleus, cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts.

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16
Q

Fungi

A

The kingdom of organisms, such as mushrooms and moulds that help decompose dead or decaying matter.

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17
Q

Protoctista

A

The kingdom of organisms, including algae and protozoans that do not fit into other groups.

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18
Q

Prokaryote

A

The kingdom of organisms that consist of single cells with no surrounding nucleus around the cell wall. Commonly called bacteria.

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19
Q

Mitochondria

A

organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell.

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20
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Chemical involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP.

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21
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The food making process in plants that takes in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

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22
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Green chemical in plants that absorbs the light energy used in photosynthesis to make food from carbon dioxide and water.

23
Q

Light microscope

A

Appliance used for viewing very small objects, can magnify things up to 1500 times.

24
Q

Electron microscope

A

Much more powerful than light microscope and can view things up to a million times.

25
Q

Monucular

A

When a person is using a microscope with one eye.

26
Q

Binocular

A

A microscope with two eye pieces so you can use two eyes to look at the object.

27
Q

Magnification

A

The number of times the image of an object has been enlarged using a lens or lens system.

28
Q

Nucleus

A

Control centre for cell.

29
Q

Chromosomes

A

Tiny structure inside the nucleus of a cell. Contain DNA carrying generic information.

30
Q

DNA

A

Substance found in all living things that encodes the generic information of an organism.

31
Q

Mitosis

A

Process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.

32
Q

Clones

A

Identical copy. (Harold your raukos)

33
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Process where cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells.

34
Q

Infectious disease

A

Disease that can be spread from one organism to another.

35
Q

Non-infectious

A

Disease that cannot be spread from one organism to another.

36
Q

Antibiotics

A

Substance used to kill bad bacteria.

37
Q

Disinfectants

A

Chemical used to kill germs.

38
Q

Antiseptics

A

Mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill germs.

39
Q

Bactericidal

A

Describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria.

40
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn’t kill them.

41
Q

Phloem

A

Transportation of sugars into other plants.

42
Q

Translocation

A

Transport of materials into plants

43
Q

Xylem vessels

A

Pipeline for the flow of water up wants.

44
Q

Lignin

A

A hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells.

45
Q

Stomata

A

Small openings on the lower surfaces of leaves.

46
Q

Transpiration steam

A

Movement of water through a plant.

47
Q

Vascular bundles

A

Groups of xylem and phloem vessels with plant stems.

48
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata

49
Q

Guard cells

A

Cells on either side of a stomata that work together to control the opening and closing of the stomata.

50
Q

Wilt

A

What happens when their is an insufficient amount of water in plant cells.

51
Q

Vacuoles

A

Sacs within a cell used to store food and waste.

52
Q

Flaccid

A

Cells that are not firm due to loss of water.

53
Q

Turgid

A

Something that is firm.

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