Chapter 9-Sedimentary, Igneous And Metamorphic Rocks

Question 1

Lithosphere

Answer 1

The outermost layer of Earth, it includes the crust and the uppermost mantle.

Question 2

Magma

Answer 2

A mixture of molten rock and other gases, it is just below the Earth’s surface and comes from the mantle.

Question 3

Lava

Answer 3

When magma is on the surface, it becomes lava and starts to cool but is still very hot.

Question 4

Native Elements

Answer 4

Elements found uncompressed in the Earth’s crust.

Question 5

Crystal

Answer 5

geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes. The elements that make up a crystal and the conditions present during the crystal’s growth determine the arrangement of atoms and molecules and the shape of the crystals.

Question 6

MOHs Scale

Answer 6

A scale showing the hardness (factor) of a rock.

Question 7

Igneous Rock

Answer 7

Rock made from the cooling of magma or lava.

Question 8

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Answer 8

Igneous rock that is cooled on the surface and results in it cooling faster.

Question 9

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Answer 9

Igneous rocks that cool in the Earth’s crust but cool slower because it is near heat.

Question 10

Batholith

Answer 10

intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across.

Question 11

Erosion

Answer 11

The displacement or movement of solids, usually moved by wind, water or ice.

Question 12

Sediment

Answer 12

Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid.

Question 13

Floodplain

Answer 13

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods.

Question 14

Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 14

Rocks that are formed from the particles of sediments.

Question 15

Coal

Answer 15

A sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely.

Question 16

Limestone

Answer 16

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

Question 17

Conglomerate Rock

Answer 17

Contains grains of different sizes that have been cemented together.

Question 18

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 18

When Igneous or sedimentary rocks are formed by using extreme heat or pressure without melting.

Question 19

Rock Cycle

Answer 19

The cycle of how Igneous, Metamorphic or Sedimentary rocks form into other type of rock.

Question 20

Mineral Ore

Answer 20

Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them.

Question 21

Open-Cut Mining

Answer 21

Mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land.

Question 22

Underground Mining

Answer 22

Mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface.

Question 23

Palaeontologist

Answer 23

A scientist who studies fossils.

Question 24

Fossil

Answer 24

Any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past.

Question 25

Trace Fossil

Answer 25

Fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed.