Chapter 4-Digestive System

Question 1

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 1

digestion that uses physical factors such as chewing with the teeth

Question 2

Chemical Digestion

Answer 2

the chemical reactions changing food into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream for use in other parts of the body

Question 3

Digestive System

Answer 3

a complex series of organs and glands that processes food to supply the body with the nutrients it needs to function effectively

Question 4

Mouth

Answer 4

An opening where food is broken down and where mechanical and chemical digestion takes place.

Question 5

Stomach

Answer 5

a large muscular organ that churns and mixes food with gastric juice to start to break down protein

Question 6

Digestion

Answer 6

breakdown of food into a form that can be used by an animal. It includes both mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

Question 7

Alimentary Canal

Answer 7

passage from the mouth to the anus. Digestion of food occurs as it moves through the canal.

Question 8

Enzymes

Answer 8

special chemicals that speed up reactions but are themselves not used up in the reaction

Question 9

Saliva

Answer 9

watery substance in the mouth that moistens food before swallowing

Question 10

Salivary Glands

Answer 10

glands in the mouth that produce saliva

Question 11

Bolus

Answer 11

round, chewed-up ball of food made in the mouth that makes swallowing easier

Question 12

Oesophagus

Answer 12

part of the digestive system composed of a tube connecting the mouth with the stomach

Question 13

Peristalsis

Answer 13

the process of pushing food along the oesophagus or small intestine by the action of muscles

Question 14

Stomach

Answer 14

a large muscular organ that churns and mixes food with gastric juice to start to break down protein

Question 15

Small intestine

Answer 15

the part of the digestive system between the stomach and large intestine, where much of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients takes place

Question 16

Absorption

Answer 16

the taking in of a substance, for example from the intestine to the surrounding capillaries

Question 17

Villi

Answer 17

for absorption in the small intestine as they have a thin wall, one cell thick, which enables a shorter diffusion path. They have a large surface area so there will be more efficient absorption of fatty acids and glycerol into the blood stream.

Question 18

Nutrients

Answer 18

substances that provide energy and chemicals that living things need to stay alive, grow and reproduce

Question 19

Liver (Digestive System)

Answer 19

Produces bile

Question 20

Bile

Answer 20

a substance produced by the liver that helps digest fats and oils. Helps in mechanical digestion

Question 21

Gall Bladder

Answer 21

a small organ that stores and concentrates bile within the body

Question 22

Bile Ducts

Answer 22

Transports Bile from liver to gall bladder

Question 23

Lipids

Answer 23

type of nutrients that include fats and oils

Question 24

Lipases

Answer 24

enzymes that break fats and oils down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 25

Amylases

Answer 25

an enzyme in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar

Question 26

Proteases

Answer 26

enzymes that break proteins down into amino acids

Question 27

Pancreas

Answer 27

a large gland in the body that produces and secretes the hormone insulin and an important digestive fluid containing enzymes

Question 28

Colon

Answer 28

the part of the large intestine where a food mass passes from the small intestine, and where water and other remaining essential nutrients are absorbed into the body

Question 29

Large Intestine

Answer 29

the penultimate part of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from the waste before it is transported out of the body

Question 30

Vitamin D

Answer 30

a nutrient that regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the bloodstream and promotes the healthy growth and remodelling of bone

Question 31

Cellulose

Answer 31

a natural substance that keeps the cell wall of plants rigid

Question 32

Rectum

Answer 32

the final section of the digestive system, where waste food matter is stored as faeces before being excreted through the anus

Question 33

Anus

Answer 33

the final part of the digestive system, through which faeces are passed as waste

Question 34

Emulsify

Answer 34

combine two liquids that do not normally mix easily

Question 35

Denatured

Answer 35

describes the condition of proteins after they have been overheated

Question 36

Substrate

Answer 36

substance acted upon by an enzyme

Question 37

Product

Answer 37

new chemical substance that results from a chemical reaction

Question 38

Burping

Answer 38

release of swallowed gas through the mouth

Question 39

Heartburn

Answer 39

burning sensation caused by stomach acid rising into the oesophagus

Question 40

Flatulence

Answer 40

release of gas through the anus. This gas is produced by bacteria in the large intestine.

Question 41

Diarrhoea

Answer 41

excessive discharge of watery faeces

Question 42

Vomiting

Answer 42

eject matter from the stomach through the mouth.