Chapter 4-Respiratory System

Question 1

Oxygen

Answer 1

a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe in; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms. Plants produce oxygen as part of photosynthesis.

Question 2

Cellular Respiration

Answer 2

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP. (Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide, water and (ATP) energy)

Question 3

Glucose

Answer 3

a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

Question 4

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 4

a gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Epiglottis

Answer 5

leaf-like flap of cartilage behind the tongue that closes the air passage during swallowing

Question 6

Respiratory System

Answer 6

the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide

Question 7

Trachea

Answer 7

narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves

Question 8

Lungs

Answer 8

the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Question 9

Bronchi/Bronchus/Bronchioles

Answer 9

the narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system. Singular = bronchus.

Question 10

Alveoli/Alveolus

Answer 10

tiny air sacs in the lungs at the ends of the narrowest tubes. Oxygen moves from alveoli into the surrounding blood vessels, in exchange for carbon dioxide.

Question 11

Deoxygenated blood

Answer 11

describes blood from which some oxygen has been removed

Question 12

Oxygenated blood

Answer 12

Blood that has oxygen attached to it via haemoglobin

Question 13

Pulmonary Vein

Answer 13

the vessel through which oxygenated blood travels from your lungs to the heart

Question 14

Left Atrium

Answer 14

upper left section of the heart where oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart

Question 15

Left Ventricle

Answer 15

lower left section of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

Question 16

Aorta

Answer 16

a large artery through which oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the left ventricle of the heart to the body

Question 17

Arterioles

Answer 17

vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the arteries to the capillaries

Question 18

Venules

Answer 18

Small veins.

Question 19

Breathing

Answer 19

movement of muscles in the chest causing air to enter the lungs and the altered air in the lungs to leave. The air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than the air leaving the lungs.

Question 20

Vital Capacity

Answer 20

the largest volume of air that can be breathed in or out at one time

Question 21

Diaphragm

Answer 21

flexible, dome-shaped, muscular layer separating the chest and the abdomen. It is involved in breathing.

Question 22

Right Atrium

Answer 22

upper right section of the heart where deoxygenated blood from the body enters

Question 23

Right Ventricle

Answer 23

lower right section of the heart, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 24

Pulmonary artery

Answer 24

the vessel through which deoxygenated blood, carrying wastes from respiration, travels from the heart to the lungs