Chapter 4-Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Musculoskeletal System

Answer 1

consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.

Question 2

Skeletal System

Answer 2

consists of the bones and joints

Question 3

Skeletal Muscle System

Answer 3

voluntary or striated muscle

Question 4

Skeleton

Answer 4

the bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement

Question 5

Bones

Answer 5

the pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate

Question 6

Bone Marrow

Answer 6

a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made

Question 7

Cartilage

Answer 7

a waxy, whitish, flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints or, in some animals such as sharks, replaces bone as the supporting skeletal tissue. The ears and tips of noses of people are shaped by cartilage.

Question 8

Calcium

Answer 8

an element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates and other animals as a component of bone, shell etc. It is necessary for nerve conduction, heartbeat, muscle contraction and many other physiological functions.

Question 9

Phosphorus

Answer 9

a substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Together with calcium, it is required by the body to maintain healthy bones and teeth.

Question 10

Mineral

Answer 10

any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods

Question 11

Ossification

Answer 11

Hardening of bones

Question 12

Brittle

Answer 12

breaks easily into many pieces

Question 13

Joint

Answer 13

region where two bones meet

Question 14

Ligaments

Answer 14

band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place

Question 15

Synovial Fluid

Answer 15

the liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other

Question 16

Pivot Joint

Answer 16

joint that allows a twisting movement

Question 17

Hinge Joints

Answer 17

joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only

Question 18

Ball and Socket Joint

Answer 18

joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another

Question 19

Immovable Joints

Answer 19

joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow

Question 20

Muscles

Answer 20

tissue consisting of cells that can shorten

Question 21

Involuntary Muscles

Answer 21

muscles not under the control of the will; they contract slowly and rhythmically. These muscles are at work in the heart, intestines and lungs.

Question 22

Voluntary Muscle

Answer 22

muscle attached to bones; it moves the bones by contracting and is controlled by an animal’s thoughts

Question 23

Tendons

Answer 23

tough rope-like tissue connecting a muscle to a bone

Question 24

Greenstick fracture

Answer 24

a break that is not completely through the bone, often seen in children

Question 25

Fracture

Answer 25

a break in a bone

Question 26

Stem Cells

Answer 26

undeveloped cells found in blood and bone marrow

Question 27

Osteoporosis

Answer 27

loss of bone mass that causes bones to become lighter, more fragile and easily broken

Question 28

Sprain

Answer 28

injury caused by tearing a ligament

Question 29

Arthritis

Answer 29

a condition in which inflammation of the joints causes them to swell and become painful

Question 30

Tennis Elbow

Answer 30

an injury due to strain or overuse that causes the elbow’s lining to become inflamed and painful

Question 31

Torn Hamstring

Answer 31

a common sporting injury caused by overstretching the hamstring muscle, which joins the pelvis to the knee joint