Chapter 9 Review Questions

Question 1

What are energy nutrients?

Answer 1

fat, carbs, protein

Question 2

What is a calorie?

Answer 2

A calorie is a measure of heat units.

measures food energy for the body.

Question 3

Biotin is also known as which vitamin?

Answer 3

B7

Question 4

Lack of what vitamin may make bruising more prevalent?

Answer 4

K

Question 5

List 3 items that can contribute to poor nutrition.

Answer 5

stress
smoking
poor diet, example: too much sugar depletes vit B

Question 6

Which becomes depleted with the intake of sugar?

Answer 6

B vitamins

Question 7

Salt can dehydrate the body. What other effects does it have?

Answer 7

Too much sodium leads to water retention and a rise in blood pressure.

Question 8

Describe how brain chemistry is involved in nutrition.

Answer 8

The brain sends out messages to the body. These messages are called “neurotransmitters”. Neurotransmitters are synthesized from nutrients in food. The types of foods ingested have a large effect on the neurotransmitters’ behavior. Food choices can cause stress in the body.

Question 9

Describe the two main processes in metabolism.

Answer 9

catabolism and anabolism.

Catabolism: breaking down
Anabolism: building up

Question 10

Describe the process of glycation and list three of its results.

Answer 10

Glycation is what happens when sugar and starch react with proteins under high temperatures. This process creates what is known as AGE products (advanced glycation end products). As we ingest more and more AGE product foods our organs that need to be pliable become stiff. The results of this are damaging to the heart, kidneys and muscles. Elastin in the skin becomes rigid leading to sagging skin, hyperpigmentation is another result.

Question 11

Describe the Maillard reaction and list three of the cooking methods involved.

Answer 11

The Maillard reaction is what happens when food is fried, grilled or broiled. The browning of a product.

Question 12

Why has the fight or flight response caused such problems in the modern world?

Answer 12

In fight or flight our body prepares for an emergency. With chronic stress our body is constantly in emergency mode

Question 13

Name 5 skin problems related to stress.

Answer 13

dullness
congestion
breakouts
sensitivities
irritation

Question 14

What are the physical effects of chronic stress?

Answer 14

raises blood pressure, releases cortisol. When adrenaline and cortisol build in the body it wears on a person’s natural defense mechanisms. Low energy, weight gain, low sex drive, digestive issues, anxiety, high cholesterol, memory trouble, lowered immune system and nutrient depletion can all lead to more serious diseases.

Question 15

List five things that trigger stress for you and five things you can do to alleviate that stress.

Answer 15

husband
social gatherings
house chores while living with children who are home all the time
homeschooling
health issues