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master Hormones & Wellness > Chapter 4 Glossary Terms #1 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Glossary Terms #1 Flashcards

1
Q

adrenaline

A

A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands during an emergency response

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2
Q

androgens

A

male hormones

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3
Q

calcitonin

A

a hormone that regulates absorption of calcium and vit D

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4
Q

circadian rhythm

A

the daily biochemical patterns of the body

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5
Q

corpus luteum

A

a temporary endocrine structure that develops from the ovarian follicle during the menstrual cycle; it is essential to establishing and maintaining pregnancy

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6
Q

corticoids

A

steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

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7
Q

cortisol

A

a major steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, often called the stress hormone; it increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels and suppresses the immune system.

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8
Q

diabetes

A

a disease that results when the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin.

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9
Q

endometrium

A

inner membrane of the uterus

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10
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes the development of the egg or ovum

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11
Q

formication

A

an itching and tingling feeling of the skin experienced by some women during menopause

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12
Q

glucocorticoids

A

steroid hormones that help regulate blood sugar

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13
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the thyroid so that it cannot function properly

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14
Q

hormone receptors (receptor sites)

A

structures on the cell membrane that receive and accept hormones and, in turn, produce other biochemicals that cause or stimulate different functions in the cells.

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15
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

methods used to administer female hormones to control or prevent symptoms of menopause. HRT may also help prevent skin changes or osteoporosis in women.

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16
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

a condition in which the thyroid gland secretes too much thyroid hormone

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17
Q

hypothalamus

A

a gland that manufactures hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland to make other hormones.

18
Q

hypothyroidism

A

a condition in which the thyroid gland secretes too little thyroid hormone

19
Q

linea nigra

A

a line of pigmentation that develops during pregnancy between the lower chest and the genital area.

20
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

a hormone that causes ovulation or the release of the egg from the ovary. It also causes testes to manufacture testosterone

21
Q

melatonin

A

a specialized hormone secreted by the pineal gland that helps regulate the body’s responses to different levels of light, and therefore circadian rhythms of the body.

22
Q

menarche

A

the first menstrual period

23
Q

menopause

A

the time in a woman’s life when the ovaries stop producing eggs.

24
Q

menstruation

A

the process by which the female body rids itself of an unused ovum and the accompanying endometrium.

25
Q

mineralcorticoids

A

steroid hormones that help regulate blood minerals

26
Q

myxedema

A

a hyperthyroid condition in which the skin on the shin becomes thick red-brown with a bumpy texture

27
Q

nerohormones

A

hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that control many pituitary hormone secretions

28
Q

parathyroid gland

A

the gland responsible for regulating calcium and phosphates in the bloodstream

29
Q

perimenopause

A

the time before and around menopause

30
Q

PCOS

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

A

a hormonal disorder in women caused by excessive presence of androgens; it may induce irregular periods and obesity, but also esthetic symptoms such as unwanted excessive facial and body hair and nonresponsive acne.

31
Q

PMS

premenstrual syndrome

A

a condition in which some women experience uncomfortable physical changes before menstruation

32
Q

progesterone

A

a hormone that helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy and is an important hormone in the menstrual cycle

33
Q

progestin

A

a synthetic version of progesterone used in mini-pills for birth control

34
Q

puberty

A

the stage in life when physical changes occur in both sexes and when sexual function of the sex glands begins to take place

35
Q

relaxin

A

a hormone manufactured by the ovaries that helps enlarge the pelvic opening during childbirth

36
Q

secreted

A

synthesized or released by various cells or organs

37
Q

steroids

A

very small hormone molecules that penetrate cell membranes

38
Q

striae distensae

A

stretch marks that commonly occur during pregnancy

39
Q

testosterone

A

the male hormone responsible for development of typical male characteristics

40
Q

thymus gland

A

a gland located under the breastbone in the chest; it secretes hormones and helps trigger synthesis of more lymph tissue

41
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

the group of clinical symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism

master Hormones & Wellness (5 decks)

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