Chapter 4 Hormones, Endocrine Glands

Question 1

List the body functions that hormones regulate:

Answer 1

sexual function
growth
metabolism

Question 2

Which type of glands secrete hormones?

Answer 2

endocrine glands

Question 3

How many major endocrine glands are there in the human body?

Answer 3

8

Question 4

Which endocrine gland is part of the immune system?

Answer 4

thymus

Question 5

Which endocrine glands are located just above the kidneys?

Answer 5

adrenal glands

Question 6

Which endocrine glands are the ovaries and the testes?

Answer 6

sex glands

Question 7

Which endocrine gland connects the pituitary gland to the brain?

Answer 7

hypothalamus gland

Question 8

Which endocrine gland is best known for producing melatonin?

Answer 8

pineal gland

Question 9

Which endocrine gland secrets trophic hormones?

Answer 9

pituitary gland

Question 10

Which endocrine gland regulates growth as well as both cellular and body metabolism?

Answer 10

thyroid gland

Question 11

Which endocrine glands are responsible for regulating calcium and phosphates in the bloodstream?

Answer 11

parathyroid glands

Question 12

Trophic hormones or _________ _________ are chemicals that cause other glands to make hormones.

Answer 12

signal hormones

Question 13

The hypothalamus gland controls some involuntary muscles such as the ___________.

Answer 13

intestines

Question 14

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 14

Front of the throat

Question 15

________________ ______________ are two main hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that regulate the metabolism.

Answer 15

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Question 16

How does the calcitonin hormone work?

Answer 16

Calcitonin prevents the intestines from absorbing too much calcium and helps regulate vit D. It prevents the body from becoming calcium deprived and becoming bone damaged during pregnancy and lactation.

Question 17

Hyperthyroidism often results in _____________.

Answer 17

thyrotoxicosis

Question 18

Hyperthyroidism that results in thyrotoxicosis may cause the following skin symptoms:

Answer 18

feeling of warmth, flushing, redness
intolerance of heat
itchiness
fast growing nails or nails that grow off the nail bed
thinning, finer hair or hair loss, including brows
myxedema: thick shin skin that is red-brown with a bumpy texture
urticaria (hives)

Question 19

____________________ is an underproduction of thyroid hormones, most often caused by ___________ _____________.

Answer 19

Hypothyroidism

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 20

What is Hashimoto’s?

Answer 20

An autoimmune disease that causes an attack of the thyroid so it cannot function properly.

Question 21

Hashimoto’s skin conditions include:

Answer 21

dry flaky skin
coarse texture
brittle dry nails and hair
intolerance of cold
facial puffiness

Question 22

Who is mostly likely to be affected by hypothyroidism?

Answer 22

women over 50

Question 23

Two hormones needed by the nervous system are ____________ and ___________.

Answer 23

adrenaline

noradrenaline

Question 24

Which gland has a medulla and a cortex?

Answer 24

adrenal

Question 25

__________ could be called the emergency hormone and is secreted when the body is under stress.

Answer 25

adrenaline