Chapter 4 Review Questions

Question 1

What are the major endocrine glands?

Answer 1

pineal
pituitary
thymus
pancreas
ovary & testis
adrenal
parathyroid
thyroid

Question 2

What is puberty and what major hormonal changes take place during puberty?

Answer 2

Puberty is the stage in life when physical changes occur in both sexes and when the sex glands begin to function making sexual reproduction possible.
Major hormonal changes include: hypothalamus produces LH which stimulates the pituitary gland to manufacture larger amounts of FSH and LH (trophic hormones). Trophic hormones cause the sex hormones to secrete more estrogen and androgens which starts a number of physical changes to the body like breast growth ect.

Question 3

What skin changes take place during puberty?

Answer 3

Androgen production in both males and females stimulates the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum causing oilier skin and the possibility of acne.

They may also notice bumps with no opening. This can be resolved with a mild abrasive exfoliant and a glycolic lotion.

Question 4

Discuss the menstrual cycle and its hormonal fluctuations.

Answer 4

The menstrual cycle is a 27-30 cycle in which female’s ovaries manufacture an ovum (or egg) and hormonal changes take place. When the egg is not fertilized, the uterus sheds the lining (or the endometrium), this process has 6 phases and is called menstruation.

Question 5

What precautions should the esthetician take when treating a pregnant woman?

Answer 5

NEVER:
administer any type of electrical therapy, specifically galvanic or high frequency therapies.

BE CONSERVATIVE:
when applying topical treatments and products

PATCH TEST:
especially with waxing. women can become extra sensitive when they hadn’t been prior to pregnancy.

*Most routine procedures may be performed on the pregnant client.

Question 6

What are some esthetic side effects of birth control pills?

Answer 6

*Hormones in pills change normal hormone levels which affects sebum production.
Pills with little to no estrogen tend to be more aggravating to acne. While the opposite: estrogen-dominant pills tend to improve acne-prone skin.

• Starting and stopping pills can have an affect on acne.
• Hyperpigmentation or melasma usually on the forehead, cheeks or upper lip. Advise client to stay out of the sun and use a high spf - as prolonged sunbathing makes melasma worse.

Question 7

What is HRT and for whom is it beneficial?

Answer 7

Hormone Replacement Therapy
Could be beneficial for women after hysterectomy or after menopause.
*Evidence of increased risk of breast cancer in women who use HRT over 5 yrs does exist. Do not use HRT if you have a family member who has had breast cancer.

Question 8

What are some general symptoms associated with menopause?

Answer 8

• thinning hair
• excess hair growth on the face/body
• increased oiliness or dryness
• lack of estrogen influences collagen making wrinkles more apparent
• lack of estrogen affects barrier function: possible drier skin, increased sensitivity, dehydration, hyperpigmentation
• fluctuations in blood flow cause hot flashes
• formication- rare- feels like continuous tingling and itching
• Moodiness from hormone fluctuations
• Complications can cause depression
• Perimenopausal acne

Question 9

Ways to treat menopausal skin:

Answer 9

lipid-based creams
antioxidants
alpha hydroxy acids or vit A
peptide products
daily sunscreen
In spa treatments:
alpha hydroxy exfoliations, LED light treatment, microcurrent treatment

Question 10

Name several endocrine disorders and discuss their effects on the skin.

Answer 10

Hirsutism: excessive hair growth

Diabetes: bacterial, yeast and fungal infections. dermopathy: damage to small blood vessels primarily on the legs. Wound healing issues.