chapter 9 quiz 1 Flashcards
political system where rulers offered the people protection in return for Labor
feudalism
landholding noble in feudalism
lord
land grants given in return for services
fiefs
the recipient of a fief who owed allegiance to a king or lord
vassal
symbolic act by which the lord gave to the vassal the right to use a fief
investiture
medieval warriors who protected life and property and lived by the code of chivalry
knight
a boy placed under the care of a knight for the purpose of becoming a knight
page
the personal servant of a knight
squire
knight’s strict code of behavior
chivalry
medieval decree by which the church forbade the pillage of its property and extended protection to all noncombatants in society
Peace of God
medieval decree which limited fighting to specified weekdays by forbidding combat from Wednesday evening to Monday morning
Truce of God
more privileged peasants who served as manorial officials or provided skilled labor, such as blacksmiths, millers, and carpenters
freeman
majority of those living on a manor; their status was midway between the ancient slave and the medieval freeman
serfs
“universal”; “encompassing all”; the term of early Christians for the church
catholic
the Roman Catholic theory that Christ made Peter the first pope and gave him supreme authority over the church on earth; also states that Peter subsequently transferred this office and its authority to those who succeeded him as bishop of Rome
Petrine theory
a place of temporary punishment where souls bound for heaven must go after death to atone for their “minor” unconfessed sins
purgatory
baptism, confirmation, penance, the Holy Eucharist, matrimony, Holy Orders, and Extreme Unction
seven sacraments
the Roman Catholic service in which the Holy Eucharist is offered
mass
those who took “Holy Orders” in special service to the church
clergy
common church parishioners who did not take Holy Orders
laity
conducted religious services, administered the sacraments to the laity, and supervised the business and property of the church
secular clergy
clergy who lived in monastic communities under strict regulations
regular clergy
standard of discipline and order that strictly regulated the life of monks; the most popular system of rules in medieval Europe; designed by Benedict of Nursia
Benedictine Rule
claim of kings and nobles not only to appoint church officials but also to invest them with their religious authority
lay investiture
Roman Catholic assembly of cardinals that chooses a new pope; created to ensure that churchmen rather than Roman nobles or German kings would choose the popes
College of Cardinals
