Chapter 9 (pt 1) The Muslim Caliphate Flashcards
What is Caliphate?
An Islamic state that is officially Muslim, supposed to encompass every Muslim on earth 🌍
What is monotheism?
The belief that there is only one god
What is a crusade?
A series of medieval expeditions by the European to recover the “holy land” from the Muslims in the 11th-13th centuries
What is algebra the Arab translation
The reunion of broken parts
What was the renaissance?
A period following the Middle Ages of European artistic, literature, political and economical “rebirth”. A renewed interest in something
What happened at the beginning of the middle ages?
Western Europe fell into a period of chaos and restructuring
Who was born at the beginning of the Middle Ages?
a man named Muhammad
Where was Muhammad born?
Mecca
What is Mecca known as today?
Saudi Arabia
Muhammad was born in _____ CE
570 CE
What happened in 610 CE
Muhammad was meditating in a cave above Mecca when legend has it that he was visited by an angel and told to record what was spoken to him (the caves name was Hira)
What was done with the revelations written by Muhammad?
They were put together to create a new religious text, the Quran
When did Muhammad die?
632 CE
What did the religion of Islam do?
United the warring Arab tribes
When was a new Islamic empire made?
120 years later
Where was the new Islamic empire (caliphate)
From Spain 2 west Persia
Which 3 monotheistic religions have holy sites in Jerusalem?
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
In 1096 the ___________________________
The Catholic pope declared a crusade to recapture Jerusalem and Palestine from the Islamic Caliphate
How many armed crusades were there to the holy land between 1096-1273?
9
What did the Crusades represent?
The Catholic Church as well as brutality and greed
It says this in the slide show so it is not my opinion don’t come at me- L
What happened during the first crusade?
Jerusalem was captured by Christian soldiers who massacred the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants
What was the result of the first crusade?
The kingdom of Jerusalem was created in Palestine (1099-1291 CE)
How long was the city of Jerusalem under christian control? What happened that the christians lost control?
The city was under christian control for 90 years. It then fell to a muslim army
Who led the army that took control of the city of Jerusalem?
Saladin (salah ad-din)
True/False
Saladin did not spare the inhabitants, like the crusader before him.
False
He spared them
1099-1187 CE?
Fall of Jerusalem to crusader army
1187 CE?
Jerusalem retaken by muslim army
1229-1244 CE?
Jerusalem retaken by crusade
1244 CE?
Jerusalem retaken by muslim forces
