Chapter 9 ( Psychatric Disorders ) Flashcards
Rett syndrome ?
Have autism spectrum disorders features
Girls > boys
Microcephaly
Hand wringing motion
Social and communication disorder ?
Communication disorder without RRBs
When to use Antipsychotics in autism spectrum disorders ?
For Aggression only
Tourette syndrome ? Onset ? Present in ? Presentation ? Associated with ? Ttt ?
Mean onset is age 7 , must be < 18
Men > women 3:1
Multiple motor and vocal tics that occurs many time per day and can be simple or complex
Increased level of dopamine
ADHD
OCD
Haloperidol
Pimozide
Clonidine
Mechanism and ttt of ADHD ? Duration of symptoms ?
Dopaminergic and noradrenergic imbalance
Methylphenidate
Dextroamphetamine
Atomoxetine
Guanfacine
> 6 months
Schizophrenia age of onset ?
In men : 15-25y
In women : 25-35y
Biochemical theories of Schizophrenia?
⬆️ Dopamine —> positive symptoms
⬆️ Serotonin —> positive and negative symptoms
⬇️ Nicotine —> Cognition impairment
⬇️ GABA —> hyperactivity of dopaminergic neurons
Schizophrenia associated neuropathology ?
⬆️ ventricles
⬇️ symmetry , limbic system , prefrontal cortex , thalamus
⬆️/⬇️ basal ganglia and cerebellum
Biochemical changes with major depressive disorder ?
⬇️ NE , dopamine , serotonin
Biochemical changes of Bipolar disorder ?
⬆️ dopamine and serotonin
Ttt of panic attacks and disorder ?
For attacks : benzodiazepines ( fast )
For disorder : SSRIs ( slow )
Ttt of generalized anxiety disorder ?
SSRIs
Buspirone
Ttt of phobias ?
Behavioral modification technique such as :
Systemic desensitization
Flooding
Ttt of obsessive compulsive disorder ?
Antidepressants Behavioral modification ( exposure and response prevention )
Brain activity in OCD ?
Increased frontal lobe metabolism
Increased activity in the caudate nucleus
Biochemical change in body dysmorphic disorder ?
⬇️ serotonin
Irresistible urge to pull one’s own hair ?
Trichotillomania
Difficulty parting with one’s possessions regardless of their value
Hoarding disorder
Symptoms of stress disorders ? Ttt?
Phobic avoidance Hypervigilance Increased startle reflex Mood instability Sleep disturbances Dissociative symptoms
Ttt : exposure therapy and SSRIs
Onset and duration of PTSD and ASD ?
PTSD onset at any time and duration > 1 month
ASD onset > 3 days , < 1 month and duration < 1 month
Onset and duration of Adjustment disorder ?
Onset within 3 months of stressor
Duration < 6 months
Medical complications of anorexia nervosa ? Ttt ?
Abnormal electrolytes Lanugo hair Abnormal hormones Low blood pressure Heart failure Osteoporosis
Ttt: Hospitalization Behavioral modification SSRIs Family therapy
Signs of repetitive emesis in bulimia nervosa ?
Abrasions and callous in fingers/hands
Esophageal tears ( mallory weiss )
Enlarged parotid glands
Dental cavities
Excessive thoughts ,feelings and behavior related to the somatic symptoms , > 6 months , functioning is impaired ?
Somatic symptom disorder