Chapter 9 ( Psychatric Disorders ) Flashcards
Rett syndrome ?
Have autism spectrum disorders features
Girls > boys
Microcephaly
Hand wringing motion
Social and communication disorder ?
Communication disorder without RRBs
When to use Antipsychotics in autism spectrum disorders ?
For Aggression only
Tourette syndrome ? Onset ? Present in ? Presentation ? Associated with ? Ttt ?
Mean onset is age 7 , must be < 18
Men > women 3:1
Multiple motor and vocal tics that occurs many time per day and can be simple or complex
Increased level of dopamine
ADHD
OCD
Haloperidol
Pimozide
Clonidine
Mechanism and ttt of ADHD ? Duration of symptoms ?
Dopaminergic and noradrenergic imbalance
Methylphenidate
Dextroamphetamine
Atomoxetine
Guanfacine
> 6 months
Schizophrenia age of onset ?
In men : 15-25y
In women : 25-35y
Biochemical theories of Schizophrenia?
⬆️ Dopamine —> positive symptoms
⬆️ Serotonin —> positive and negative symptoms
⬇️ Nicotine —> Cognition impairment
⬇️ GABA —> hyperactivity of dopaminergic neurons
Schizophrenia associated neuropathology ?
⬆️ ventricles
⬇️ symmetry , limbic system , prefrontal cortex , thalamus
⬆️/⬇️ basal ganglia and cerebellum
Biochemical changes with major depressive disorder ?
⬇️ NE , dopamine , serotonin
Biochemical changes of Bipolar disorder ?
⬆️ dopamine and serotonin
Ttt of panic attacks and disorder ?
For attacks : benzodiazepines ( fast )
For disorder : SSRIs ( slow )
Ttt of generalized anxiety disorder ?
SSRIs
Buspirone
Ttt of phobias ?
Behavioral modification technique such as :
Systemic desensitization
Flooding
Ttt of obsessive compulsive disorder ?
Antidepressants Behavioral modification ( exposure and response prevention )
Brain activity in OCD ?
Increased frontal lobe metabolism
Increased activity in the caudate nucleus