Chapter 11 ( Brain Function And Neurocognitive Disorders ) Flashcards
Left hemisphere is dominant in ? Stroke leads to ?
Language
Calculation type problem solving
Depression
Right hemisphere is dominant in ? Stroke leads to ?
Perception
Artistic
Visual-spatial tasks
Apathy and indifference
Gerstmann syndrome ?
Dyscalculia
Dysgraphia
Finger agnosia
Right-left confusion
Cholinergic neurons are concentrated in ?
RAS
Basal forebrain
General biochemical change regarding ACh in neurocognitive disorders ?
Decreased ACh concentrations in :
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Temporal neocortex
ACh in corpus striatum ?
ACh circuits are in equilibrium with dopamine neurons
Key pathway of NE which implicated in altering attention , perception and mood ?
Locus ceruleus in upper pons
Mechanism of D1 , D5 receptors ?
Gs
Mechanism of D2, D3, D4 receptors ?
Gi
Psychiatric pathways of dopamine ? Blockade of which results in ?
1- Nigrostriatal pathway : blockade leads to
Tremors
Muscle rigidity
Bradykinesia
2- Mesolimbic-cortico pathway : blockade leads to
Reduction of psychotic symptoms
3- Tuberoinfundibular system : blockade leads to
Increase in prolactin
Serotonin is the transmitter of ?
A discrete group of neurons that all have cell bodies located in the raphe nuclei of the brain stem
Role of glutamic acid as a neurotransmitter ?
1- the principle neurotransmitter of the brain
2- the neurotransmitter of the neuronal pathways connecting the cerebral cortex and the corpus striatum
3- the neurotransmitter of the granule cells of the cerebellum
3- the principle neurotransmitter of the visual pathway
Structure of encephalins ?
2 peptides , each containing 5 amino acids
Substance P structure ? Role as a neurotransmitter ?
A peptide containing 11 amino acids
Major transmitters of sensory neurons that convey pain sensation from the periphery into the spinal cord
Biochemical changes in Alzheimer disease ? Ttt ?
Decreased ACh and NE
Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors : Donepezil Rivastigmine Galantamine Memantine Antipsychotic medications ( when psychotic symptoms are present only )