Chapter 9 - Plantations Flashcards
What were the Plantations?
The plantations were Irish land confiscated by the Crown and colonised by British settlers.
What was the Pale?
The pale was the area surrounding Dublin under the direct control of the English Crown.
Who were the Anglo-Irish?
The Anglo-Irish were descendants of the Anglo-Normans who invaded Ireland in the twelfth century.
Who were the Gaelic Irish?
The Gaelic Irish were the Gaelic chieftains who followed Irish law, known as Brehon law.
What is Brehon Law?
Brehon Law is Gaelic Irish laws dating back as far as the Iron Age.
What was surrender and regrant?
Anglo-Irish and Gaelic Irish rulers were to surrender themselves and their lands to Henry VIII, and he would grant their land back to them along with an English title.
Who were the undertakers?
The undertakers were men who undertook (agreed) to do as they were told with the land given to them.
Who were the servitors?
Servitors were English or Scottish soldiers who had fought for the Crown.
Who were the loyal Irish?
The loyal Irish were native Irish who had stayed loyal to the Crown during the Nine Years War.
What were the Penal Laws?
The penal laws were laws that suppressed the status of Catholics in Ireland. Under the penal laws Catholics were not allowed to keep weapons, buy or inherit land or vote. These are only a few of the penal laws.
What were the results of the Laois-Offaly Plantation under Queen Mary I?
The Laois-Offaly Plantation was a failure, it did not attract enough planters from England, Gaelic planters had to be given land and English customs and laws did not flourish.
What were the results of the Munster Plantations under Queen Elizabeth I?
The crown hoped for 20,000 settlers but only a fifth of that number went, the Gaelic Irish continued to attack the Plantations, new towns were set up (for example Killarney and Youghal) which became centres of trade and lessons were learned for future plantations.
Describe the changes a plantation (Ulster Plantation) made to the identity on the island of Ireland.
Very large numbers of Planters arrived in Ulster and soon the total Ulster population was at 200,000. The Protestant population increased in Ireland, the Gaelic Irish were driven off their land they had always held, tensions between the Catholic natives and the Protestant settlers deepened into hatred and violence from 1609 onwards. New farming methods were introduced and crops were favoured over cattle farming.
What are the three types of planter? How much acres did they receive? How much did they pay King James? And what were the terms and conditions?
UNDERTAKERS - They received estates of 2000 acres, they paid King James £5 per 1000 acres per year. They built castles or stone houses with a bawn (courtyard) around them. They could only have English or Scottish tenants.
SERVITORS - They received estates of 1000-1500 acres, and they paid King James £8 per 1000 acres per year. They could have Irish tenants, but they had to have strict control over them.
LOYAL IRISH - They received estates of 1000 acres or less, and they paid King James £10 per 1000 acres per year. They could rent land to Irish tenants. Servitors kept an eye on them for the Crown.
What was a bawn?
A defended courtyard with walls usually built out of stone.
