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EMT > Chapter 9 Patient Assessment > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Patient Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

What does S.A.M.P.L.E. stand for?

A 
S: signs/symptoms
A: allergies
M: medications
P: pertinent past medical history
L: last oral intake
E: events leading up to "key events leading up to this" "what were you doing when illness started or injury occurred"
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2
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for an adult?

A

60-100 bpm

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3
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for preschool and school ages (2-10 years)?

A

60-140 bpm

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4
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for infants and toddlers (3 months-2 years)?

A

100-190 bpm

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5
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for infants (new born-3 months)?

A

85-205 bpm

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6
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for adults?

A

12-20/min

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7
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for a child?

A

18-30/min

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8
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for an infant?

A

30-60/min

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9
Q

A noninvasive method to quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient’s ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism; effectively measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air over time.

A

capnography

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10
Q

component of air and typically makes up 0.3% of air at sea level; also a waste products exhaled during expiration by the respiratory system.

A

carbon dioxide

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11
Q

The reason a patient called for help; also, the patient’s response to questions such as “whats wrong?” or “what happened?”

A

chief complaint

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12
Q

To form a clot to plug and opening in an injured blood vessel and stop bleeding.

A

coagulate

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13
Q

The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye.

A

conjunctiva

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14
Q

A crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs.

A

crackles

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15
Q

A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling.

A

crepitus

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16
Q

A blue-gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.

A

cyanosis

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17
Q

a mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, and Swelling.

A

DCAP-BTLS

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18
Q

Characterized by light or profuse sweating.

A

diaphoretic

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19
Q

The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the heart’s cycle (diastole) when the left ventricle is at rest.

A

diastolic pressure

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20
Q

Any injury that prevents the patient from noticing other injuries he or she may have, even severe injuries; for example, a painful femur or tibia fracture that prevents the patient from noticing back pain associated with a spinal fracture.

A

distracting injury

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21
Q

A type of physical assessment typically performed on patients who have sustained nonsignificant mechanisms of injury or on responsive medical patients. This type of examination is based on the chief complaint and focuses on one body system or part.

A

focused assessment

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22
Q

Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen or partially frozen body parts

A

frostbite

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23
Q

The overall initial impression that determines the priority for patient care; based on the patient’s surroundings, the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and the chief complaint.

A

general impression

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24
Q

The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best; also called the Golden Period.

A

Golden Hour

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25
Q

Involuntary muscle contractions of the abdominal wall to minimize the pain of abdominal movement; a sign of peritonitis

A

guarding

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26
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that provides detail about the patient’s chief complaint and an account of the patient’s signs and symptoms.

A

history taking

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27
Q

Blood pressure that is lower that the normal range.

A

hypotension

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28
Q

Blood pressure that is higher that the normal range.

A

hypertensions

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29
Q

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees fahrenheit (35 degrees celsius( after exposure to a cold environment.

A

hypothermia

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30
Q

A system implemented to manage disasters and mass and multiple casualty incidents in which section chiefs, including finance, logistics, operations, and planning, report to the incident commander. Also referred to as the incident management system.

A

incident command system

31
Q

Yellow skin or sclera that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction.

A

jaundice

32
Q

Breathing that requires greater than normal effort; may be slower or faster than normal and characterized by grunting, stridor, and use of accessory muscles.

A

labored breathing

33
Q

The forces, or energy transmission, applied to the body that cause injury.

A

mechanism of injury (MOI)

34
Q

The biochemical processes that result in production of energy from nutrients within the cells.

A

metabolism

35
Q

Widening of the nostrils, indicating that there is an airway obstruction.

A

nasal flaring

36
Q

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing.

A

nature of illness (NOI)

37
Q

OPQRST

A 
A mnemonic used in evaluating a patient's pain:
O: onset
P: provocation/palliation
Q: quality
R: region/radiation
S: severity
T: timing
38
Q

The mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person (name), place (current location), time (current year, month, and approximate date), and event (what happened).

A

orientation

39
Q

To examine by touch.

A

palpate

40
Q

The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion-in during inhalation, out during exhalation-is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing.

A

paradoxical motion

41
Q

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels.

A

perfusion

42
Q

Protective equipment that blocks exposure to a pathogen or a hazardous material.

A

personal protective equipment (PPE)

43
Q

Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention.

A

pertinent negatives

44
Q

A painful, tender, persistent erection of the penis; can result from spinal cord injury, erectile dysfunction drugs, or sickle cell disease.

A

priapism

45
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that identifies and initiates treatment of immediate and potential life threats.

A

primary assessment

46
Q

The pressure wave that occurs as each heartbeat causes a surge in the blood circulating through the arteries.

A

pulse

47
Q

An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds.

A

pulse oximetry

48
Q

A step within the patient assessment process performed at regular intervals during the assessment process to identify and treat changes in a patient’s condition. A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed every 5 minutes, whereas a patient in stable condition should be reassessed every 15 minutes.

A

reassessment

49
Q

The way in which a patient responds to external stimuli, including verbal stimuli (sound), tactile stimuli (touch), and painful stimuli.

A

responsiveness

50
Q

Movements in which the skill pulls in around the ribs during respiration.

A

retractions

51
Q

Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways.

A

rhonchi

52
Q

A brief history of a patient’s condition to determine signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, and events leading to the injury or illness.

A

SAMPLE history

53
Q

A step within the patient assessment process that involves a quick assessment of the scene and the surrounding to provide information about the scene safety and the mechanism of injury or nature of illness before you enter and begin patient care.

A

scene size-up

54
Q

The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures.

A

sclera

55
Q

A step within the patient assessment process in which a systematic physical examination of the patient is performed. The examination may be a systematic exam or an assessment that focuses on a certain area or region of the body, often determined through the chief complaint.

A

secondary assessment

56
Q

Respirations characterized by little movement of the chest wall (reduced tidal volume) or poor chest excursion.

A

shallow respirations

57
Q

Objective findings that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured.

A

sign

58
Q

Knowledge and understanding of your surroundings and situation and the risk they potentially pose to your safety or the safety of the EMS team.

A

situational awareness

59
Q

An upright position in which the patient’s head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open.

A

sniffing position

60
Q

Breathing that occurs without assistance.

A

spontaneous respirations

61
Q

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease.

A

standard precautions

62
Q

A harsh, high-pitched, breath sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without the stethoscope.

A

stridor

63
Q

A characteristic crackling sensation felt on the palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues.

A

subcutaneous emphysema

64
Q

Subjective findings that the patient feels but that can be identified only by the patient.

A

symptom

65
Q

The increased pressure in an artery with each contraction of the ventricles (systole)

A

systolic pressure

66
Q

A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats/min.

A

tachycardia

67
Q

The amount of air (in milliliters) that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath.

A

tidal volume

68
Q

The process of establishing treatment and transportation priorities according to severity of injury and medical need.

A

triage

69
Q

An upright position in which the patient leans forward onto two arms stretched forward and thrusts the head and chin forward.

A

tripod position

70
Q

A severe breathing problem in which a patient can only speak two or three words at a time without pausing to take a breath.

A

two- to three-word dyspnea

71
Q

Narrowing of a blood vessel.

A

vasoconstriction

72
Q

The key signs that are used to evaluate the patient’s overall condition, including respirations, pulse, blood pressure, level of consciousness, and skin characteristics.

A

vital signs

73
Q

A high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration, and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.

A

wheezing

EMT (8 decks)

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