Chapter 6 continued Flashcards
The contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially that of the ventricles.
systole
The lateral bones on each side of the cranium; the temples.
temporal bones
The fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
tendons
A male genital gland that contains specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm.
testicle
The chest or rib cage.
thoracic cage
The 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. One pair of ribs is attached to each of these vertebrae.
thoracic spine
The chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels.
thorax
A firm prominence of cartilage that forms the uper part of the larynx; the Adam’s apple.
thyroid cartilage
The shinbone; the larger of the two bones of the lower legs.
tibia
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one relaxed breath; about 500 mL for an adult.
tidal volume
The superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures that lie beneath them.
topographic anatomy
The windpipe; the main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs.
trachea
An imaginary line where the body is divided into top and bottoms parts.
transverse (axial) plane
The muscle in the back of the upper arm.
triceps
The middles and thickest layer of tissue of the blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue, and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand.
tunica media
The inner bone of the forearm, on the side opposite the thumb.
ulna
A small, hollow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
ureter
The canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body.
urethra
A sac behind the public symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine.
urinary bladder
The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine.
urinary system
A muscular, distensible tube that connects the uterus with the vulva (the external female genitalia); also called birth canal.
vagina
The spermatic duct of the testicles; also called vas deferens.
vasa deferentia
The movement of air between the lungs and the environment.
ventilation
One of the two lower chambers of the heart.
ventricle
The 33 bones that make up the spinal column.
vertebrae
Muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at will; skeletal, or striated, muscle.
voluntary muscle
A measurement that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much blood is flowing around the alveoli where gas exchange (perfusion) occurs.
V/Q ratio
Blood cells that have a role in the body’s immune defense mechanisms against infection; also called leukocytes.
white blood cells
The narrow, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum.
xiphoid process
The quadrangular bones of the cheek, articulating with the frontal bone. the maxillae, the zygomatic processes of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bone.
zygomas
An imaginary line where the body is divided into left and right parts.
sagittal (lateral) plane
The glands that produce saliva to keep the mouth and pharynx moist.
salivary glands
The thick skin covering the cranium, which usually bears hair.
scalp
Glands that produce an oily substance called sebum, which discharges along the shafts of the hairs.
sebaceous glands
Fluid ejaculated from the penis and containing sperm.
semen
Storage sacs for sperm and seminal fluid, which empty into the urethra at the prostate.
seminal vesicles
The nerves that carry sensations such as touch, taste, smell, heat, cold, and pain from the body to the central nervous system.
sensory nerves
An abnormal state associated with inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the cells of the body, also known as hypoperfusion.
shock
The proximal portion of the upper extremities, made up of the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus.
shoulder girdle
Muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated, or voluntary, muscle.
skeletal muscle
The framework that gives the body its recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the body and protection of vital organs.
skeleton
The portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
small intestine
Involuntary muscle; it constitutes the bulk of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in nearly every organ to regulate automatic activity.
smooth muscle
The part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which these is voluntary control.
somatic nervous system
Muscles arranged in circles that able to decrease the diameter of tubes. Examples are found within the rectum, bladder, and blood vessels.
sphincters
A device used to measure blood pressure.
sphygmomanometer
An extension of the brain, composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body. It takes inside of and is protected by the spinal canal.
spinal cord
The breast bone.
sternum
The volume of the blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction.
stroke volume (SV)
Tissue, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body.
subcutaneous tissue
One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck, and chest into the heart.
superior vena cava
The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin.
sweat glands
A type of joint that has grown together to form a very stable connection.
symphysis
The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication.
synovial fluid
The lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space.
synovial membrane
The portion of the circulatory system outside of the heart and lungs.
systemic circulation
The resistance that blood must overcome to be able to move within the blood vessels; related to the amount of dilation or constriction in the blood vessel.
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
