Chapter 6 continued

Question 1

The contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially that of the ventricles.

Answer 1

systole

Question 2

The lateral bones on each side of the cranium; the temples.

Answer 2

temporal bones

Question 3

The fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Answer 3

tendons

Question 4

A male genital gland that contains specialized cells that produce hormones and sperm.

Answer 4

testicle

Question 5

The chest or rib cage.

Answer 5

thoracic cage

Question 6

The 12 vertebrae that lie between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. One pair of ribs is attached to each of these vertebrae.

Answer 6

thoracic spine

Question 7

The chest cavity that contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels.

Answer 7

thorax

Question 8

A firm prominence of cartilage that forms the uper part of the larynx; the Adam’s apple.

Answer 8

thyroid cartilage

Question 9

The shinbone; the larger of the two bones of the lower legs.

Answer 9

tibia

Question 10

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one relaxed breath; about 500 mL for an adult.

Answer 10

tidal volume

Question 11

The superficial landmarks of the body that serve as guides to the structures that lie beneath them.

Answer 11

topographic anatomy

Question 12

The windpipe; the main trunk for air passing to and from the lungs.

Answer 12

trachea

Question 13

An imaginary line where the body is divided into top and bottoms parts.

Answer 13

transverse (axial) plane

Question 14

The muscle in the back of the upper arm.

Answer 14

triceps

Question 15

The middles and thickest layer of tissue of the blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue, and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand.

Answer 15

tunica media

Question 16

The inner bone of the forearm, on the side opposite the thumb.

Answer 16

ulna

Question 17

A small, hollow tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Answer 17

ureter

Question 18

The canal that conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body.

Answer 18

urethra

Question 19

A sac behind the public symphysis made of smooth muscle that collects and stores urine.

Answer 19

urinary bladder

Question 20

The organs that control the discharge of certain waste materials filtered from the blood and excreted as urine.

Answer 20

urinary system

Question 21

A muscular, distensible tube that connects the uterus with the vulva (the external female genitalia); also called birth canal.

Answer 21

vagina

Question 22

The spermatic duct of the testicles; also called vas deferens.

Answer 22

vasa deferentia

Question 23

The movement of air between the lungs and the environment.

Answer 23

ventilation

Question 24

One of the two lower chambers of the heart.

Answer 24

ventricle

Question 25

The 33 bones that make up the spinal column.

Answer 25

vertebrae

Question 26

Muscle that is under direct voluntary control of the brain and can be contracted or relaxed at will; skeletal, or striated, muscle.

Answer 26

voluntary muscle

Question 27

A measurement that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much blood is flowing around the alveoli where gas exchange (perfusion) occurs.

Answer 27

V/Q ratio

Question 28

Blood cells that have a role in the body's immune defense mechanisms against infection; also called leukocytes.

Answer 28

white blood cells

Question 29

The narrow, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum.

Answer 29

xiphoid process

Question 30

The quadrangular bones of the cheek, articulating with the frontal bone. the maxillae, the zygomatic processes of the temporal bone, and the great wings of the sphenoid bone.

Answer 30

zygomas

Question 31

An imaginary line where the body is divided into left and right parts.

Answer 31

sagittal (lateral) plane

Question 32

The glands that produce saliva to keep the mouth and pharynx moist.

Answer 32

salivary glands

Question 33

The thick skin covering the cranium, which usually bears hair.

Answer 33

scalp

Question 34

Glands that produce an oily substance called sebum, which discharges along the shafts of the hairs.

Answer 34

sebaceous glands

Question 35

Fluid ejaculated from the penis and containing sperm.

Answer 35

semen

Question 36

Storage sacs for sperm and seminal fluid, which empty into the urethra at the prostate.

Answer 36

seminal vesicles

Question 37

The nerves that carry sensations such as touch, taste, smell, heat, cold, and pain from the body to the central nervous system.

Answer 37

sensory nerves

Question 38

An abnormal state associated with inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the cells of the body, also known as hypoperfusion.

Answer 38

shock

Question 39

The proximal portion of the upper extremities, made up of the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus.

Answer 39

shoulder girdle

Question 40

Muscle that is attached to bones and usually crosses at least one joint; striated, or voluntary, muscle.

Answer 40

skeletal muscle

Question 41

The framework that gives the body its recognizable form; also designed to allow motion of the body and protection of vital organs.

Answer 41

skeleton

Question 42

The portion of the digestive tube between the stomach and the cecum, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Answer 42

small intestine

Question 43

Involuntary muscle; it constitutes the bulk of the gastrointestinal tract and is present in nearly every organ to regulate automatic activity.

Answer 43

smooth muscle

Question 44

The part of the nervous system that regulates activities over which these is voluntary control.

Answer 44

somatic nervous system

Question 45

Muscles arranged in circles that able to decrease the diameter of tubes. Examples are found within the rectum, bladder, and blood vessels.

Answer 45

sphincters

Question 46

A device used to measure blood pressure.

Answer 46

sphygmomanometer

Question 47

An extension of the brain, composed of virtually all the nerves carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body. It takes inside of and is protected by the spinal canal.

Answer 47

spinal cord

Question 48

The breast bone.

Answer 48

sternum

Question 49

The volume of the blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction.

Answer 49

stroke volume (SV)

Question 50

Tissue, largely fat, that lies directly under the dermis and serves as an insulator of the body.

Answer 50

subcutaneous tissue

Question 51

One of the two largest veins in the body; carries blood from the upper extremities, head, neck, and chest into the heart.

Answer 51

superior vena cava

Question 52

The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin.

Answer 52

sweat glands

Question 53

A type of joint that has grown together to form a very stable connection.

Answer 53

symphysis

Question 54

The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication.

Answer 54

synovial fluid

Question 55

The lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space.

Answer 55

synovial membrane

Question 56

The portion of the circulatory system outside of the heart and lungs.

Answer 56

systemic circulation

Question 57

The resistance that blood must overcome to be able to move within the blood vessels; related to the amount of dilation or constriction in the blood vessel.

Answer 57

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)