Chapter 12 Shock Flashcards
The force or resistance against which the heart pumps
afterload
Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction
anaphylactic shock
an extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure
anaphylaxis
a swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall.
aneurysm
the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.
autonomic nervous system
compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output
cardiac tamponade
a state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.
cardiogenic shock
the early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss
compensated shock
a blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.
cyanosis
The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling
decompensated shock
loss of water from the tissues of the body
dehydration
a condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both
distributive shock
the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area
edema
a balance of all systems of the body
homeostasis
a condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degree F or 35 C
hypothermia
shock caused by fluid or blood loss
hypovolemic shock
the ability of the heart muscle to contract
myocardial contractility
circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries
neurogenic shock
Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the hear or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues.
obstructive shock
the flow of blood through body tissues and vessels
perfusion
a collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium
pericardial effusion
the precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up
preload
shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)
psychogenic shock
a blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.
pulmonary embolism
the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure
pulse pressure
developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction.
sensitization
shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection
septic shock
a condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion
shock
circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening
sphincters
a fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness
syncope
