Chapter 9 Part 1 (Lecture) Flashcards

0
Q

Epimysium

A
  • Surrounds entire skeletal muscle
  • Collagen fibers
  • Separates muscles from tissues/organs
  • Connected to deep fascia
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1
Q

Organization of muscle structures (Largest to smallest)

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Muscle Fiber
  3. Myofibrils
  4. Myofilaments
  5. Thick (Myosin; Club-Head) and Thin (Actin; Troponin; Tropomyosin) Filaments
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2
Q

Perimysium

A
  • Surrounds fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers)
  • Collagen and elastic fibers
  • Contains blood vessels and nerves to fascicles
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3
Q

Endomysium

A
  • Delicate, elastic connective tissue
  • Surrounds individual skeletal muscle cells (Fibers)
  • Contains:
    • Capillary networks
    • Satellite cells
    • Nerve fibers
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4
Q

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics

A
  1. Long, thin, multinucleate fibers
  2. Striations (sarcomeres)
  3. Voluntary control
  4. Arranged into packages called muscles; attach to and cover bony skeleton
  5. Contracts rapidly & vigorously, but tires easily
  6. May exert great force
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5
Q

Cardiac Muscle Characteristics

A
  1. 1-2 nuclei
  2. Network of fibers; intercalated disks
  3. Only in heart
  4. Striations (sarcomeres)
  5. Involuntary control
  6. Contracts at rhythmic, steady rate (auto-rhythmic)
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6
Q

Smooth Muscle Characteristics

A
  1. Spindle-shaped, one centrally-located nucleus (uninucleate)
  2. Lacks striations (no sarcomeres)
  3. Involuntary control
  4. Walls of hollow organs & blood vessels
  5. Slow & sustained contractions
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7
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

A
  • Network of membranous channels that surround each myofibril and run parallel to it
  • Same as endoplasmic reticulum in other cells
  • Has a HIGH CONCENTRATION OF CALCIUM IONS compared to sarcoplasm
  • Membrane becomes more permeable to calcium ions when stimulated
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8
Q

T (Transverse) Tubules

A
  • Set of membranous channels that extend into sarcoplasm as invaginations continuous with sarcolemma
  • Filled with extracellular fluid and extend deep into the cell
  • Carries action potential to SR
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9
Q

Terminal Cisternae

A

Dilated ends of sarcoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

Triads

A

Terminal Cisternae butt against T Tubule on both sides of T Tubule Triad= TC-T-TC

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11
Q

Sarcomeres

A
  • Length of myofibril divided into sarcomeres
  • Sarcomere- functional unit of myofibril
  • Z disc- separate one Sarcomere from the next sarcomere
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12
Q

Sarcomere Structures

A
  • Z Line
  • A Band
  • I Band
  • H Zone
  • M Line
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13
Q

Functions of the Skeletal Muscles

A
  1. Produce Skeletal Movement
  2. Maintain Body Posture and Body Position
  3. Support Soft Tissues
  4. Guard Entrances and Exits
  5. Maintain Body Temperature
  6. Store Nutrient Reserves
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14
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell Membrane

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15
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm

16
Q

Excitability

A

The ability to receive and respond to stimuli.

17
Q

Contractility

A

The ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated.

18
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability to return to the original length after being stretched or shortened

19
Q

Extensibility

A

The ability to be stretched or extended

20
Q

Z Line

A

Dense material between sarcomeres

21
Q

A Band

A

Dark band (Length of thick)/ thick & thin filaments

22
Q

I Band

A

Thin, but no thick

23
Q

H Zone

A

Center of A Band (Heavy)

24
Q

M Line

A

Middle line of sarcomere; supporting proteins that hold thick filaments together; center of H Zone