Chapter 9- Parenting, Prenatal and Early Childhood development

Question 1

considerations when becoming a new parent

Answer 1

-responsibilities
-support
-resources

Question 2

responsibilities

Answer 2

physical- nutritious foods, conditions for adequate sleep, adequate housing, access to healthcare.
social needs- positive communication, encouragement of social behaviour through praise and role models
emotional- forming appropriate feelings and reactions to situations

Question 3

social and emotional support for new parents

Answer 3

social- family.. money, baby sitters, help with meal prep, care of children.
emotional- well supported parents are less stressed and able to make better decisions relating to their child

Question 4

resources parents need

Answer 4

knowledge- levels of parents education will affect the likelihood to access healthcare, provide food and not smoke, etc.
material- household income .. for hospital bills, maternity clothes and childcare

Question 5

federal gov resources for new parents

Answer 5

medicare- increases availability to antenatal care
dad and partner pay- 2 weeks of government funded pay while on unpaid leave during first year

Question 6

state government resources

Answer 6

-maternal and child care services
-my health learning and development record
-the maternal and child health app
-maternal and child line

Question 7

local gov resources

Answer 7

provide strategies
-access to recreation facilities
-immunisation programs
-playgroups
-long day care

Question 8

germinal stage

Answer 8

lasts 2 weeks
-fertilisation occurs and forms a zygote
-zygote travels down fallopean tubes
-the ball of cells becomes a blastocyst which implants into endometrium
-formation of placenta begins

Question 9

embroyonic stage

Answer 9

lasts 3-8 weeks
-characterised by cell differentiation and cells take on different roles
-organogensis starts and internal systems and organs begin to form
-embryo is VERY susceptible to teratogens

Question 10

foetal stage

Answer 10

9-38 weeks
-movement occurs
-the bones start to harden
-senses begin to function
-displays breathing movement of amniotic fluid

Question 11

protective factors (maternal diet)-
folate (folic acid)

Answer 11

-required for formation of red blood cells which transports oxygen
-Adequate folate consumption before and during pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects, spinal bifida

Question 12

Iron

Answer 12

-required due to the increased demand of oxygen
-increased need for blood
-Iron is needed for haemoglobin, a component of blood that carries oxygen around the body. Additionally, the developing foetus draws iron from the mother to last it through the first five or six months after birth for its high growth demands

Question 13

Iodine

Answer 13

-very important in first 16 weeks of pregnancy
-ensures healthy development of a babies brain and nervous system
-deficiency can lead to stunted growth and intellectual disability

Question 14

alcohol during pregancy
health

Answer 14

-crosses from mothers blood to babies blood
-may result in foetal alcohol syndrome
-harm the development of brain and nervous system
-decrease oxygen supply
-cause placenta to seperate
-death
-premature birth/low birth weight
-heart working faster

Question 15

alcohol during pregancy
development

Answer 15

-low birth weight
-smaller head circumfrance
-small eyes and epicanthal folds
-flattened face
-underdeveloped verticle rides between mouth and nose
-smaller lower jaw
-heart defects
-restrictions of movement due to tightening of ligaments

Question 16

affects of smoking while pregnant

Answer 16

-low birthweight
-spontaeous abortion
-prematurity
-complications of the placenta
-birth defects
-lung function disnormalities
-respiratory conditions
-perinatal mortality

Question 17

what is intergenerational health and wellbeing?

Answer 17

the health and wellbeing and development of one generation influencing the health and wellbeing and development of the next

Question 18

low birth weight

Answer 18

risk on health-
-reduced lung function
-feeding difficulties
-jaundice
-increased risk of asthma
development-
-reduced muscle bulk
-reduced coordination
-poor sucking and swallowing reflexes
-likely impaired learning capabilties
-poor eyesight
increased risk of deafness
increased risk of cerebral palsy

Question 19

overweight

Answer 19

short term-
physical discomfort
-bone and joint problems
-asthma or shortness of breath
-tiredness
-high blood pressure
-abnormal cholesterol levels
-interrupted sleep
-social and psychological stress
low self esteem
poor peer relationships

long term-
doubled risk of developing cardiovascular disease
3x risk of developing type 2 disbetes in adulthood
-increased risk of premature birth
poor self esteem- may lead to drinking or smoking

Question 20

play

Answer 20

-provides adequate environment promoting health
-reduction in fear, stress, anxiety and irritation
-increased empathy and sharing, improves relationships and attachment
-increased efficiency immune, endocrine and cardiovascular systems
increased agility and coordination, balance and fine motor skills
-creavitity, problem solving and learning skills

Question 21

early relationships

Answer 21

-secure attachment develops in response to consistent empathetic tone in first few months,builds foundation in security, safety and coping skills

attachment formed in infancy can support social, emotional and mental health and wellbeing
-success or failure of future relationships
-ability to maintain emotional balance
-ability to enjoy being ourselves- find satisfaction in being with others
-ability to rebound from disappointment and misfortune.