Chapter 7 - The Human lifespan

Question 1

What are the Areas of human development?

Answer 1

Physical
Intellectual
Emotional
Social (Jobs)

Question 2

Physical development definition

Answer 2

Refers to the changes that occur to the body and its systems

Question 3

What are the Aspects of Physical Development?

Answer 3

Growth- eg. people get bigger until the end of puberty
Changes to body systems- egg. increase of complexity of the brain, changes to sex organ function during puberty, and decline of body systems
Motor Skill Development-
Fine motor skills: eg. writing, cutting with scissors, tying shoelaces
Gross motor skills: eg. running, throwing a ball, riding a bike

Question 4

What are the 3 periods of rapid growth during the human lifespan?

Answer 4

• Puberty
• Prenatal
• Infancy

Question 5

What are the changes to body systems?

Answer 5

Tissue and body systems also change in structure and function
eg:
-replacement of baby teeth with permanent teeth
-hardening of bones until early adulthood
-change in the way sex organs functions during youth
-development of the immune system

Question 6

When is the usual physical peak?

Answer 6

Early 20s-30s

Question 7

What are examples of physical decline?

Answer 7

-Decrease in muscular strength
-Gradual loss of bone density
Decrease in elasticity of skin
-Decline in sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin)
-Thickening walls of the arteries

Question 8

what are motor skills?

Answer 8

refers to the control of the muscles in the body

Question 9

what are gross motor skills?

Answer 9

movements that involve large muscle groups
eg- walking, throwing, skipping and kicking

Question 10

what are fine motor skills?

Answer 10

control over the smaller muscle groups
eg- writing, tying shoelaces, cutting with scissors, manipulating the mouth to speak.

Question 11

physical transitions from youth to adulthood

Answer 11

growth;
-girls grow 16cm (10-13) and 16kg in weight. boys grow 20cm (12-15) and 20kg in weight
-end of youth the epiphyseal plates in long bone fuses and no more growth is possible.
changes to body systems;
-changes of the reproductive systems including sex organs and the way they function
primary sex characteristics;
-the body that is directly involved in reproduction
secondary sex characteristics;
-changes that occur to both males and females but are not present at both and not directly related to reproduction

Question 12

what are the female sex characteristics?

Answer 12

primary:
-first ovulation
-first menstruation
-the ovaries, uterus, vagina, labia and clitoris enlarge
secondary:
-skin becomes oily
-body hair develops including underarm and pubic hair
-increased fat to muscle ratio
-breasts develop
-hips widen

Question 13

what are the male sex characteristics?

Answer 13

primary:
-penis enlarges
-first ejaculation
-testes grow and start producing sperm
secondary:
-skin appears oily
-facial hair appears
-voice lowers
-shoulders broaden
-increased stature
-increased muscle mass
-body hair develops including pubic, underarm, chest and arm hair

Question 14

what is motor skills development?

Answer 14

-by the end puberty, the arms and legs are proportionate to the rest of the body and coordination improves. as the body matures during the youth, the individual will gain more control over it.

Question 15

what is intellectual development?

Answer 15

intellectual development is the increase of complexity of processes in the brain, such as thought, knowledge and memory.
It occurs due to changed in the complexity of the brain and continues as we learn new skills

Question 16

types of intellectual development

Answer 16

-knowledge and memory
-language
-thought pattern and problem solving
-creativity and imagination
-attention

Question 17

intellectual changes as youth transition into adulthood -
knowledge and memory

Answer 17

focus more on the future - this may lead to further study which require individuals to understand more complex concepts. as the brain develops, memory capacity increases

Question 18

language

Answer 18

increase in skills relating to vocab and grammar. language is further developed through reading, media and communication.

Question 19

thought patterns and problem solving

Answer 19

during this transition individual are more likely to see ‘grey areas’ in what they previously saw as black and white. Abstract thoughts continue

Question 20

creativity and imagination

Answer 20

increase in knowledge can increase creativity

Question 21

attention

Answer 21

continues to develop and is more targeted to the development of interests

Question 22

what is emotional development?

Answer 22

Occurs as individuals experience the full range of emotions and learn ways to appropriately express emotions. Resilience also further develops in this stage.

Question 23

types of emotional development

Answer 23

• develops self concept (how they see themselves)
  -experiencing the full range of emotions
  -learning appropriate ways of expressing and communicating emotions.
  -building resilience

Question 24

self concept

Answer 24

how an individual sees themselves. This develops over time.

Question 25

experience full range of emotions

Answer 25

first emotions are joy, anger, sadness and fear (Infancy). As a sense of self develops, you develop more complex emotions such as guilt and embarrasment

Question 26

learning appropriate ways to express emotions

Answer 26

eg. learning to accept things you cannot change

Question 27

building resilience

Answer 27

ability to effectively deal with adverse events

Question 28

what is social development?

Answer 28

increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.

Question 29

types of social development

Answer 29

• behaviours (table manners, being considerate)
  -social roles (son, daughter, friend and expectations)
  -relationship skills (conflict resolution, open communication)
  -communication skills (written and oral communication)

Question 30

behaviours

Answer 30

many social experiences that youth may encounter continue into adulthood. Other characteristic behaviours include striving for independence and risk taking behaviours.

Question 31

social roles

Answer 31

humans will have distinct roles such as friend, son/daughter, employee, coach and teammate- these will often have a distinct set of behaviours and expectations associated with it. This can include gender roles which are changing.

Question 32

communication skills

Answer 32

communicating in a number of ways. eg in person, internet, and mobile phone. Nature of relationships changes during this time. eg. experiencing more intimate relationships.

Question 33

relationship skills

Answer 33

conflict can arise with parents, experience sexual relationships and conflict resolution skills are learned

Question 34

factors that might affect perceptions

Answer 34

-geographical location
-culture
-religion
-community value