Chapter 9: Organisational culture and change

Question 1

What is Kurt Lewin’s contribution to change management?

Answer 1

In the sector of planned change,
the transferability of findings from laboratory experiments and
emphasis on the need to promote democratic principles and participation to manage interpersonal conflicts.

The model of the three stages of change:
(1) unfreezing
(2) changing, and
(3) refreezing

Question 2

What are the stages of organisational development?

Answer 2

1. Anticipating change
2. Developing the consultant-client relationships
3. Organisational diagnosis
4. Interventions
5. Self-renewal, monitoring and stabilising

Question 3

What are the layers of organisational culture according to the model of Schein?

Answer 3

1. observable artefacts - visible behaviours and physical manifestations such as products
2. espoused values - collective values such as innovation, friendliness, playfulness or conservativeness
3. basic underlying assumptions - unspoken, obvious, taken for granted