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Biology Of Cancer > Chapter 9: Oncogenes > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Oncogenes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gene amplification

A

Multiple duplicate copies of the same gene

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2
Q

Two main types of amplified genes in cancer cells

A
  1. Homogeneously staining regions

2. Double minutes (super tiny)

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3
Q

ERRB2

A

Codes for receptor
Amplified up to 500 times per cell
Used for prognosis in ovarian and breast cancer

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4
Q

TRK Oncogene

A

Tropomyosin-Receptor Kinase

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5
Q

Insertational Mutagenesis

A

Retroviruses containing LTRs with no oncogene

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6
Q

Proteins Produced By Oncogenes

A

Disrupt normal signaling mechanisms (altered or amplified components)

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7
Q

Signaling Pathway Purpose

A

Relay message for cell division or differentiation through the membrane, cytoplasm, and into nucleus

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8
Q

Ras-MAPK Pathway

A

PDGF/EGF growth factor
Phosphorylation of RB, triggering passage through G1 restriction point

MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase

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9
Q

Ras Gene

A

Rat Sarcoma Gene

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10
Q

RAF, MEK, MAPK

A

Mitogen Activated Kinases

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11
Q

Tyrosine Kinase Mutant Receptor

A

“Always On”

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12
Q

Tyrosine Kinase Normal Receptor

A

Only active during binding of growth factor

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13
Q

Tyrosine Kinase Amplified Receptor

A

Excessive activity during binding of growth factor

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14
Q

Jaks

A

Janus Kinases

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15
Q

STAT

A

Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription

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16
Q

PIAS

A

Protein Inhibitors of Activated STATS

Negatively regulates STATs

17
Q

SOCs

A

Suppressor a of Cytokine Signaling

Inhibit STAT phosphorylation by binding and inhibiting JAKs or competing with STATs for binding sites

18
Q

JAK-STAT

A

JAK Phosphorylates STAT

STAT enters nucleus and acts as transcription factor

19
Q

Mechanisms for converting Proto-Oncogenes to Oncogenes

A 
Point mutation
Gene amplification 
Chromosomal Translocation
Local DNA rearrangements
Insertational Mutagenesis

Biology Of Cancer (9 decks)

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