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Biology Of Cancer > Chapter 5: Chemicals & Cancer > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Chemicals & Cancer Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Promotion

A

Usually mitogens
Reversible
Altered gene expression producing clinal expansion of initiated cell

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2
Q

Carcinogen

A

Chemical capable of causing cancer

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3
Q

Carcinogenic agent

A

Can cause transformation

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4
Q

Precarcinogen

A

Can’t react with DNA until oxidized by monooxygenases

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5
Q

Monooxygenases

A

Enzymes in high concentrations in liver cells

Oxidize precarcinogens

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6
Q

Mutagens

A

React with DNA indirectly/directly after metabolic activation to cause mutation
Mostly carcinogens

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7
Q

Missense Mutation

A

Base substitution or point mutation

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8
Q

Nonsense mutation

A

Deletion or insertion

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9
Q

Promoter

A

Speeds up cell division

Cause proliferation of mutated cancer cell

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10
Q

Complete Carcinogen (2 in 1)

A

Both initiator and promoter

Don’t need metabolic activation

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11
Q

Percival Potts

A

Scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps

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12
Q

Yamagiwa and Itchikawa

A

Skin cancer in rabbits/move through coal tar application

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13
Q

Kennedy and Hieger

A

1,2,3,4 DBA is very weakly carcinogenic

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14
Q

Cook, Hewett, and Hieger

A

Found PAH in “air”

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15
Q

Berenblum and Rous

A

3,4 BP must be followed by a promoter

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16
Q

Liver Cancer & Aflatoxin

A

GT mutation at codon 249 caused by aflatoxin

17
Q

Aniline

A

Not a Carcinogen

Can form carcinogenic amines

18
Q

Beta Napthylamine

A

Metabolic activation required

19
Q

What cancers developed from the use of diethylstilbesterol?

A

Vaginal Cancer

20
Q

Cancer Chemotherapy

A

Cause leukemia and bladder cancers

21
Q

Immunosuppressive drugs

A

Lead to increased cancers EXCEPT Rapamycin

22
Q

PAHs

A

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons formed in incomplete combustions of organic material

23
Q

N-nitroso cpds

A

Nitroso-Nicornitine found in cig smoke and is most carcinogenic substance

24
Q

Alkylating Agents

A

Attach to a carbon containing chemical group to DNA

25
Q

Where does Aflatoxin come from?

A

Moldy Peanuts

26
Q

What plant produces Safrole?

A

Sassafras Root Bark

27
Q

Bruised celery produces what natural carcinogen product?

A

Pyrrolidizine alkaloid

28
Q

Cytochrome P450

A

Hydroxylation of Hydrocarbons

29
Q

Cytochrome P451 1A1

A

Increases risk of lung cancer in smokers if present

30
Q

Carcinogenic Electrophiles

A

Bond directly to DNA and form adducts

31
Q

TPA or PMA

A

Plays a big role in promotion

Highly inflammatory

32
Q

Why does protein kinase cause cell proliferation?

A

It Phosphorylates other key enzymes and transcription factors in signaling pathways

33
Q

Epigenetic Changes

A

Can be passed onto cell progeny

34
Q

Initiation

A

Causes a mutation in DNA

Irreversible once cell divides

Biology Of Cancer (9 decks)

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