Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Of Cancer > Chapter 5: Chemicals & Cancer > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Chemicals & Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Promotion

A

Usually mitogens
Reversible
Altered gene expression producing clinal expansion of initiated cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carcinogen

A

Chemical capable of causing cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carcinogenic agent

A

Can cause transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Precarcinogen

A

Can’t react with DNA until oxidized by monooxygenases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Monooxygenases

A

Enzymes in high concentrations in liver cells

Oxidize precarcinogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mutagens

A

React with DNA indirectly/directly after metabolic activation to cause mutation
Mostly carcinogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Missense Mutation

A

Base substitution or point mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nonsense mutation

A

Deletion or insertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Promoter

A

Speeds up cell division

Cause proliferation of mutated cancer cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Complete Carcinogen (2 in 1)

A

Both initiator and promoter

Don’t need metabolic activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Percival Potts

A

Scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Yamagiwa and Itchikawa

A

Skin cancer in rabbits/move through coal tar application

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kennedy and Hieger

A

1,2,3,4 DBA is very weakly carcinogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cook, Hewett, and Hieger

A

Found PAH in “air”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Berenblum and Rous

A

3,4 BP must be followed by a promoter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Liver Cancer & Aflatoxin

A

GT mutation at codon 249 caused by aflatoxin

17
Q

Aniline

A

Not a Carcinogen

Can form carcinogenic amines

18
Q

Beta Napthylamine

A

Metabolic activation required

19
Q

What cancers developed from the use of diethylstilbesterol?

A

Vaginal Cancer

20
Q

Cancer Chemotherapy

A

Cause leukemia and bladder cancers

21
Q

Immunosuppressive drugs

A

Lead to increased cancers EXCEPT Rapamycin

22
Q

PAHs

A

Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons formed in incomplete combustions of organic material

23
Q

N-nitroso cpds

A

Nitroso-Nicornitine found in cig smoke and is most carcinogenic substance

24
Q

Alkylating Agents

A

Attach to a carbon containing chemical group to DNA

25
Q

Where does Aflatoxin come from?

A

Moldy Peanuts

26
Q

What plant produces Safrole?

A

Sassafras Root Bark

27
Q

Bruised celery produces what natural carcinogen product?

A

Pyrrolidizine alkaloid

28
Q

Cytochrome P450

A

Hydroxylation of Hydrocarbons

29
Q

Cytochrome P451 1A1

A

Increases risk of lung cancer in smokers if present

30
Q

Carcinogenic Electrophiles

A

Bond directly to DNA and form adducts

31
Q

TPA or PMA

A

Plays a big role in promotion

Highly inflammatory

32
Q

Why does protein kinase cause cell proliferation?

A

It Phosphorylates other key enzymes and transcription factors in signaling pathways

33
Q

Epigenetic Changes

A

Can be passed onto cell progeny

34
Q

Initiation

A

Causes a mutation in DNA

Irreversible once cell divides

Biology Of Cancer (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions