Chapter 7: Infectious Agents In Human Cancer

Question 1

Abl Viral Oncogene

Answer 1

Abelson Leukemia of mice

Question 2

Erb Viral Oncogene

Answer 2

Erythroblastosis of chickens

Question 3

Myc Viral Oncogene

Answer 3

Myelocytomatosis virus of chickens

Question 4

C-Ras Viral Oncogene

Answer 4

Cytoplasmic rat sarcoma virus

Question 5

H-Ras viral oncogene

Answer 5

Harvey’s rat sarcoma

Question 6

K-Ras viral oncogene

Answer 6

Kirstein Rat Sarcoma

Question 7

N-Ras Viral Oncogene

Answer 7

Neuroblastoma Rat Sarcoma virus

Question 8

Rous Sarcoma Virus

Answer 8

Can be used to infect tissue culture cells

Causative agent in cancer

Question 9

Mutant form of Rous

Answer 9

Never transforms cells

Lacks V-src

Question 10

Retroviruses

Answer 10

Have single stranded RNA genome that is reverse transcribed into single stranded DNA, then into double stranded DNA

Question 11

V-Onc

Answer 11

Enable retroviruses to acutely transform cells in vitro and in vivo

Question 12

C-Onc

Answer 12

Essential for growth and development

If enough are mutated or amplified, cell has uncontrollable growth

Question 13

What enzyme does V-src code for?

Answer 13

Oncogene (constitutively active)

Question 14

What enzyme does C-Src code for?

Answer 14

Proto-Oncogene (growth factor signaling)

Question 15

Src tyrosine kinases

Answer 15

Transmit integrin-dependent signals central to cell movement and proliferation

Question 16

Hallmarks of V-Src

Answer 16

Induced transformations are rounding of cell

Formation of podosomes

Question 17

RSV genes

Answer 17

Gag
Pol
Env
Src

Question 18

Gag gene

Answer 18

Encodes capsid proteins

Question 19

Pol gene

Answer 19

Encodes reverse transcriptase

Question 20

Env gene

Answer 20

Encodes envelope proteins

Virulence factor

Question 21

Src gene

Answer 21

Encodes tyrosine kinase

Uncontrollable growth as src protein is mutated and lacks inhibitory phosphorylation site

Question 22

Lentiviruses

Answer 22

Retroviruses with long incubation periods

Infect only non-dividing cells

Question 23

LTR

Answer 23

Long terminal repeat

Acts as super promoter

Question 24

Shope Papilloma Virus

Answer 24

Caused by DNA virus

Used as model for HPV vaccine

Question 25

Bittner MMTV

Answer 25

``` Milk transmitted retrovirus Doesn't carry an oncogene Contains LTR Doesn't metastasize in mice Leukemia in mice ```

Question 26

HMTV

Answer 26

Leukemia is associated with human breast cancers | Immunosuppressive envelope gene may play a role

Question 27

MCV or MCPyV | Human Merkel Cell Polyomavirus

Answer 27

Causes rare aggressive skin cancer | Knock down of mutated viral T antigen causes cells to die

Question 28

Oncogenic Viruses

Answer 28

Latent until animal is under chronic stress

Question 29

HTLV-1 | Human T cell Leukemia Virus

Answer 29

T cell regulatory genes in virus and chronic cytokine stimulation

Question 30

EBV | Epstein Barr Virus

Answer 30

Transforms human lymphocytes in vitro EBV protein can knock out activity of cellular metastasis suppressor gene called Nm23-H1 (Herpes)

Question 31

EBV is linked to

Answer 31

Burkitt's Lymphoma Hodgkin's Disease Nasopharyngeal Cancer Breast and Stomach Cancer

Question 32

What types of HPV cause cervical cancer?

Answer 32

16,18,31,45

Question 33

What type of drugs increase risk for cervical cancer?

Answer 33

Immunosuppressive drugs

Question 34

HPV

Answer 34

No oncogenes | Oncoproteins from DNA viruses interfere with growth regulatory proteins

Question 35

Hep B

Answer 35

Readily spread through sex

Question 36

Hep-C

Answer 36

Blood transfusions, dirty needles, etc.

Question 37

SV-40 | Simian Virus

Answer 37

Individuals with brain, bone, lymphoma, and mesothelioma cancers have SV-40 in their tumor cells

Question 38

Barry Marshall

Answer 38

Proved H Pylori cause stomach cancer by ingesting a beaker full of the bacterium

Question 39

How do infections cause cancers?

Answer 39

Interfere with immune function Tissue destruction and inflammation Directly stimulate cell proliferation Oncogenes and altered Proto-oncogenes

Question 40

Src Viral Oncogene

Answer 40

Rous sarcoma of squawking chickens