Chapter 9- Nutritional Substances in Sport Flashcards
Dietary supplements are regulated by who?
the FDA
Advertising of supplemental products is regulated by who?
the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Does the FDA need to approve dietary supplements for safety and effectiveness before they can be purchased by the consumer?
No
Does the manufacturer need to provide the FDA or consumers with evidence for safety or efficacy of a product?
No
What is a health claim?
it describes the relationship between a nutrient or ingredient and reduced risk of disease
What do you need in order to make a health claim?
There must be significant scientific agreement for FDA to approve health claim
What are claims of well-being?
how the product or nutrient affects the normal structure or function within the body, but can’t explicitly or implicitly link that thing to a specific disease
Be concerned is a product claims…
to be natural or has the same effect as a prescription drug
Do national brands typically have good practices
Yes because they like to keep a sound reputation
What is the peak amount for benefits for consumption of caffeine?
up to 5mg/kg BW
Does caffeine have to be on a food label?
No because it is not a nutrient
What is caffeine good for?
burning fats and boosting performance with energy metabolism
What does adenosine do?
It widens blood vessels to increase oxygen flow, and benefits endurance athletes with a heightened sense of awareness and decreased perception of effort
What two supplements compete for the same receptors in the brain?
caffeine and adenosine, when levels of adenosine are reduced due to higher levels of caffeine, it can result in feeling alert
What does sodium bicarbonate do?
It neutralizes hydrogen ions to extend the time of high-intensity activity before fatigue sets in, less lactic acid produced as early
Side effects of too much sodium bicarbonate
nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and diarrhea
What does glycerol do?
added to beverages and products that are hydraters, triggers fluid retention (hyper hydration), prolongs or prevents dehydration and may aid in maintenance of blood glucose via gluconeogensis in the liver
Side effects of glycerol
GI distress bloating, nausea, lightheadedness, diarrhea
What does nitrate do?
believed to have cardiovascular health-promoting and performance-enhancing benefits
What does creatine do?
Creatine is used in the ATP-PCr energy system and data supports beneficial anaerobic performance
What does beta-alanine do?
Might enhance natural carnosine production and provide a buffering effect during anaerobic exercise, tries to do similar function as sodium bicarbonate
Side effect of beta-alanine
paresthesia (tingling in the skin)
What is DHEA
pro hormone (precursor that becomes testosterone once ingested and metabolized)
Athletes and DHEA
some take it to improve muscle strength and hypertrophy with fewer side-effects than anabolic steroids
What are Glucosamine and Chondroitin?
Popular supplements for treating osteoarthritis, some evidence to support these two taken together can improve joint and bone health
What are probiotics?
live microorganisms that re-establish healthy bacteria in your gut, especially after antibiotics
What are prebiotics?
ingredients that target microbiota in the gut, acting as “food” for the target microbes, not digested until they reach the colon
What are stimulants and what do they do?
amphetamines that increase energy and concentration and enhance performance
What are side effects of stimulants?
tremors, stroke, death, heart attack, insomnia
What do anabolic steroids do?
they are generally taken to gain skeletal muscle mass, not much research to support injury recover
What are side effects of anabolic steroids?
widespread acne and testicular atrophy
What does human growth hormone do?
it is intended to treat a number of conditions with medical wasting and growth hormone deficiency and requires a prescription
Is using hGH for a non medical reason legal?
No
What are the side effects of hGH?
depression, fluid retention, acromegaly, overgrowth of bone in the face, enlargement of body organs
What are the sports supplements that are safe, effective, and legal?
caffeine, carbohydrates, creatine, sodium bicarbonate, and water
