Chapter 10- Body Composition Flashcards
What is the thrifty gene?
The idea that humans slow their metabolism and store more body fat in times of food scarcity
How are new habits established?
by building small positive changes
T/F: body image concerns are likely more prevalent among athletes, especially in sports where they are judged on aesthetics and performance
True
What is BMI?
a measurement of body composition that classifies someone into four subclasses: underweight, healthy (normal), overweight, and obese
What is the major disadvantage for BMI?
it does not differentiate between body weight and amount of body fat
How are the different body shapes categorized?
By looking at where you store fat (in butt, hips, or waist)
Use of what two measurements can be helpful in determining risk of chronic disease or need for weight-management?
BMI and waist circumference
What is body composition?
It refers to the components that make up the body
What are the different parts in the Four-Compartment Model?
The body is compartmentalized into body fat, muscle, body water, and bone
What component can change rapidly?
Body water
What are the two types of body fat?
Essential and storage
What is essential fat?
a component of many tissues that must be maintained to avoid compromising physiological function
What percentage of body mass is essential fat for men and women?
approximately 3 percent for men and 12 percent for women
What is storage fat?
It results from chronic positive energy (caloric) balance; can be lost without a negative impact on physiological function
What percentage of error is there for estimating body composition?
even with best methods, there is about a 4% error
What is the two compartment model?
The body is compartmentalized into fat and LBM
What is hydrometry?
Measurement of total body water and uses concentration of labeled isotopes of hydrogen or oxygen with bodily fluids
What are the drawbacks of hydrometry?
high cots, use of specialized lab equipment, and trained personnel or physician
What is hydrodensitometry?
Also called hydrostatic weighing or underwater weighing and it measures how well you float because fat will make you float more
What is the drawback of hydrodensitometry?
The person being assessed must be completely submerged and willing to expel all air from lungs
What is a DEXA sacn?
It was developed to measure bone mineral density but later found to accurately assess soft tissue composition
What is skin fold thickness test?
the thickness of subcutaneous fat fold is measured with caliper and prediction equations are used to estimate body density from fat
What is the drawback for skin fold thickness testing?
hundreds of different equations might be used and the person must understand them
What is BIA?
measurement of body composition where a harmless electrical current is passed through the body and resistance is measured
Why is BIA popular?
because of its ease of use, high subject comfort, and relative low cost
LBM conducts electricity well while
Body fat resists electricity
Tips for calculating body composition
using two or more methods together can be more accurate, no one gold standard is better than others, and look for consistency overtime and changes to yourself
