Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is nutrition?
the study of how food supplies nutrients to the body and affects health and life
What are nutrients?
substances that elicit a biochemical or physiological function in the body, the components in food that an organism depends on for survival and growth
What are the two categories of nutrients?
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
What do macronutrients do?
provide the essential properties of an organism’s metabolic system requires in order to function
Why are macronutrients called that?
because they are needed in large quantities
What are the main macronutrients?
protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, water
What are energy-yielding macronutrients?
macronutrients that provide the energy an organism requires for metabolism
What are the energy-yielding macronutrients
protein, fat, carbohydrate
What are carbohydrates?
primary source of energy, should be consumed regularly and can be stored up to 2,500 calories of an energy reserve
What are proteins?
Primary function is to support cell and tissue growth, maintenance, and repair and cannot be stored in the body
fats
stored in limitless quantities in the body as an energy reserve
Fiber
macronutrient that has an important role in metabolism, particularly digestion
Water
plays a role in regulation of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, nutrient transport, waste removal, and regulation of body temperature
What are micronutrients?
Vitamins and minerals–Provide nearly no energy but are necessary for metabolism
Vitamins
Essential for releasing and using energy during metabolism, support body growth, development, and maintenance of the body
Minerals
Essential to energy metabolism and fluid regulation, the body needs large amounts of some minerals like calcium
For balanced nutrition…
individuals should vary their food choices and eating patterns within the nutrition guidelines they are following
