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Anatomy > Chapter 9 Muscular System Section 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Muscular System Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 Types of Muscle Tissue

A
  • skeletal
  • smooth
  • cardiac
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2
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal muscle tissue

A
  • usually attached to bones
  • under conscious conditions
  • striated
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3
Q

Characteristics of Smooth muscle tissue

A
  • walls of most viscera (covering of internal organs), bv, skin
  • not under conscious control
  • not striated
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4
Q

Characteristics of Cardiac muscle tissue

A
  • wall of heart
  • not under conscious control
  • striated
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5
Q

The skeletal muscle is a ____ of the muscular system.

A

organ

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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle is made up of (11):

A
  • skeletal muscle tissue
  • nervous tissue
  • blood
  • connective tissue
  • fascia
  • tendon
  • aponeuroses
  • epimysium
  • perimysium
  • fascicle
  • endomysium
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7
Q

What is fascia and types?

A
  • dense CT that separate skeletal muscles

- types: deep, subcutaneous, subserous

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8
Q

What is a tendon and its connections?

A
  • dense ct that is cord-like

- connect ms to bone

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9
Q

What are aponeuroses?

A

-sheetlike structure composed of dense CT

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10
Q

What is epimysium?

A

-layer of CT that closely surrounds skeletal ms

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11
Q

What is perimysium?

A

-CT that separates ms into fascicles

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12
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

-a section of a ms

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13
Q

What is endomysium?

A

-Ct that surrounds ms cells

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14
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers are composed of (5):

A
  • muscle
  • fascicles
  • muscle fibers
  • myofibrils
  • thick and thin filaments
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15
Q

What is a sarcolemma?

A
  • cell membrance of a ms cell
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16
Q

What is sarcoplasm?

A

-cytoplasm of a ms cell

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17
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

-a membranous network of channels and tubules within a ms fiber

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18
Q

What is a transverse tubule?

A

-( T tubule) a membranous channel that extends inward from a ms fiber membrane and passes through fiber

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19
Q

What is in a triad?

A
  • cisterna f sarcoplasmic reticulum (2 enlarged portions of SR)
  • transverse tubule- lies between 2 cisternae
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20
Q

What is myofibril and its location?

A

-threadlike structures loacted in sarcoplasm

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21
Q

What is key to muscle contraction?

A

-myofibril

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22
Q

Myofibril is composed of:

A
  • actin

- myocin

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23
Q

What kind of filament is actin?

A

-thin

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24
Q

What kind of filament is myosin?

A

-thick

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25
Q

Organization of ____ and ____ give ____and ____ striation characteristics

A
  • actin and myosin

- light and dark

26
Q

A sarcomere is________.

A

-a repeating pattern of a myofibril

27
Q

Two main parts to a sarcomere are:

A
  • I bands (actin)

- A bands (myosin)

28
Q

What is the H Zone and where is it located?

A
  • central region of A band that only contains myosin

- located in the sacromere

29
Q

What is the Z Line and where is it located?

A
  • holds together the I Bands

- located in the sacromere

30
Q

What is the M Line and its location?

A
  • located in the sacromere

- region of A band which holds myosin in place

31
Q

What is Titin and where is it?

A
  • connects myosin to Z lines

- in sacromere

32
Q

Two types of myofilaments are….

A

Thick and Thin filaments

33
Q

Characteristics of thick filaments

A
  • composed of myosin

- has cross-bridge for attachment

34
Q

Characteristics of thin filaments

A
  • composed of actin

- associated with troponin and tropomyosin (proteins)

35
Q

Skeletal muscle contraction is a complex interaction of _____ and _____ parts which results in ______or sarcomeres.

A

cellular, chemical

shortening

36
Q

Each skeletal muscle is connected to a ______ of a _____ neuron. ( Nueron that transmits _____ from CNS to effector.)

A

axon, motor

impulses

37
Q

_______ ->__________->_____

A

Dendrite, Cell Body, Axon

38
Q

Where is a motor neuron?

A

passes outward from brain or spinal cord

39
Q

What is a motor end plate?

A

part of cell membrane area that is very folded

40
Q

What is a synapse?

A

site of a functional connection, a space

41
Q

What does the synaptic cleft do?

A

separates the neuron membrane and ms fiver membrance

42
Q

What do the synaptic vesicles do?

A

stores nerotransmitters

43
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

chemicals that are released to help neurons communicate with other cells at synapse

44
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction?

A

the site where the axon and muscle fiber meet

45
Q

What is in the motor unit?

A

the motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

-single motor neuron

46
Q

All muscle ______ are controlled by the _____ ______.

A

fibers

motor neuron

47
Q

What is the abbreviation of acetylcholine?

A

ACh

48
Q

What is acetylcholine?

A

a neurotransmitter that motor neurons use to control skeletal ms contraction

49
Q

Nerve ______ carries release of ________ form ____ vesicles.

A

impulse
acetylcholine
synaptic

50
Q

When _____ reaches end of the axon, some ______ release ACh into ______.

A

impulse
synaptic vesicles
synaptic cleft

51
Q

_____ diffuse across sc and binds to acetylcholine _____ on motor end plate.

A

ACh

receptors

52
Q

This generates a _____ _____.

A

muscle impulse

53
Q

_____ _____eventually reaches the ______ ______.

A

Muscle impulse

sarcoplasmic reticulum

54
Q

Muscle _____ cause sarcoplasmic reticulum to release _____ ions into cytosol.

A

impulse

calcium

55
Q

______ binds to ____ to change its shape.

A

Calcium

troponin

56
Q

The position of ____ is altered and binding sites on _____ are exposed.

A

tropomyosin

actin

57
Q

____ and ____ bind between the myosin cross bridges and actin.

A

Actin, mysoin

58
Q

When _____ shorten, ____ (thick) and _____ (thin) filaments slide past one another.

A

sarcomeres
myosin
actin

59
Q

____ and ____ get narrower.

A

H zones

I bands

60
Q

______ move closer together.

A

Z lines

Anatomy (7 decks)

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