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Anatomy > Ch. 6 Integumentary System > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Skin

A
  1. Maintains homeostasis
  2. Protective covering
  3. Retards water loss
  4. Regulates body temperature
  5. Houses sensory receptors
  6. Contains immune system cells
  7. Synthesizes Vitamin D
  8. Excretes small amounts of waste
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2
Q

Layers of Skin

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • subcutaneous
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3
Q

Epidermis is where and made of..

A

-outer layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Dermis is where and made of…

A

-inner layer composed of CT, MT, NT, and blood

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5
Q

Subcutaneous is where and made of…

A

beneath dermis, adipose tissue of this layer insulates the body

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6
Q

Characteristics of Epidermis

A
  • lacks bv
  • Keratinized- hardens the epidermis
  • thickest on the palms and soles (.8-1.4mm)
  • melanocytes provide melanin
  • rests on basement membrane (separates dermis and epidermis)
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7
Q

Layers of Epidermis (5)

A
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum ganulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
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8
Q

The production of epidermal cells balances with what?

A

Loss of dead cells from stratum corneum

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9
Q

Calluses

A

-thickening of stratum corneum

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10
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

lie in the stratum basale and underlying CT of dermis

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11
Q

Melanin does what?

A

-provides skin color and absorbs UV radiation

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12
Q

Characteristics of Dermis

A
  • boundary is uneven because of dermal papillae- ridges(fingerprints)
  • dermis binds epidermis to underlying tissues
  • composed of irregular dense CT (collagenous fibers to give toughness and elasticity)
  • also contains muscle fibers
  • contains nerve cell processes to carry impulses to dermal muscles&glands and provides sensation
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13
Q

What types of muscle fibers does dermis have and where?

A
  • smooth muscles: skin enclosing testes, hair follicles and glands
  • skeletal muscles: facial muscles anchored to skin of the face
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14
Q

How are tattoos made and injected into your skin?

A

-made with very fine needles injecting inks into the dermis

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15
Q

Why is the tattoo color permanent?

A

-dermis cells do not shed

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16
Q

How do you remove a tattoo?

A

-a laser has to be used to shatter ink molecules and immune system removes resulting debris

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17
Q

What are the three dermal receptors?

A
  • Pacinian corpuscles
  • Meissner’s corpuscles
  • Free nerve endings
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18
Q

What do each of the dermal receptors do/how they make you feel?

A
  • stimulated by heavy pressure
  • senses light tough (aka like a tickle)
  • responds to temperature change or factors that can damage tissue
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19
Q

Hair is everywhere EXCEPT:

A

palms, soles, lips, nipples, and parts of external organs (some places very fine)

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20
Q

Hair Follicle

A

group of epidermal cells at base of dermis

-a tube-like depression extending from surface of skin to dermis

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21
Q

Hair root

A

embedded in skin

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22
Q

Hair shaft

A

extends from surface of skin

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23
Q

Hair papilla

A

projection of CT that contains bv

24
Q

Hair is made of…

A

dead epidermal cells

25
Q

How many hairs does a healthy person loose a day?

A

20-100 hairs/day

26
Q

How long will a hair typically grow for? And how long is the process before it falls out?

A

grows for 2-6 years, rests for 2-3 months, then falls out

27
Q

Baldness results when…

A

hair falls out and isn’t replaced

28
Q

What determines hair color?

A

Melanin

29
Q

The darker the hair the more ______ and the lighter hair the less ______.

A

melanin, melanin

30
Q

Albino humans have no______.

A

melanin

31
Q

Red hair contains …

A

iron pigment called trichosiderin

32
Q

Gray hair contains …

A

a mixture of pigmented and unpigmented cells

33
Q

Arrector Pili

A

a smooth muscle that attaches to hair follicle

34
Q

Goosebumps

A
  • a contraction

- function is to keep you warm

35
Q

Nails

A

-protective coverings

36
Q

Nail plate

A

overlies bed

37
Q

Nail bed

A

overlies skin

38
Q

Lunula

A
  • have moon

- most active growing region of nail

39
Q

Nail appearance mirrors health

A

Blue- poor circulation aka bad
White/oval depressions- anemia
Pigmented spot-melanoma
Horizontal furrows- serious illness or malnutrition
Curved nails- lung, hear, liver disorders
Red streaks- arthritis, ulcers, hypertension

40
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A
  • usually associated with hair follicles

- none on palms and soles and external reproductive parts

41
Q

Holocrine gland- secrete:

A
  • sebum- mix of fatty material and cellular debris

- helps keep hair and skin soft, pliable and waterproof

42
Q

Sweat Glands aka Sudoriferous glands

A
  • wide spread in skin

- deeper dermis or hypodermis

43
Q

Eccrin Glands

A

-common on forehead, neck, and back

44
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

-become active at puberty, common in axillary regions, groin, around nipples

45
Q

Ceriminous Glands

A

external ear canal, secrete wax

46
Q

Mammary Glands

A

-secrete milk

47
Q

Hyperthermia

A

-abnormally high body temperature

48
Q

Hypothermia

A
  • abnormally low temperature
  • sometimes medically induced during heat, brain, or spinal cord procedures because less oxygen is needed
  • usually pack person in ice or removed blood, cool it, and return it between 78-89 degrees
49
Q

Skin Color-Genetic Factors

A
  • carying amounts of melanin
  • carying size of melanin granules
  • albinos lack melanin
50
Q

Skin Color- Environmental Factors

A
  • sunlight
  • UV light from sunlamps
  • X-rays
  • tans fade as pigmented epidermal cells become keratinized and wear away
51
Q

Skin Color-Physiological Factors

A
  • dilation of dermal bv: pink or red

- constriction of dermal bv: pale

52
Q

Carotene

A

-accumulates in adipose tissue and casts yellow

53
Q

Jaundice

A

-liver malfunction

54
Q

What occurs during inflammation?

A
  • it is a normal response to injury or stress
  • bv dilate and become more permeable
  • skin becomes red, swollen, warm, and painful to touch
  • dilated will provide more nutrients and oxygen
55
Q

What happens to cells during a shallow cut?

A

-epithelial cells divide more rapidly

56
Q

Dermis or subcutaneous level cut

A
  • bv breaks and blood forms a clot
  • fibroblasts migrate to area, form new collagenous fibers, and binds wound back together
  • CT matrix release growth fibers that stimulate cells to divide and regenerate damaged tissue
  • phagocytic cells remove dead cells and other debris
  • damages tissues are replaced and scab sloughs off
57
Q

Scar

A

-CT replacing skin that was damaged

Anatomy (7 decks)

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