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Anatomy > Chapter 8 Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Joints Flashcards

0
Q

A joint is _____ and _______.

A

Where bones meet and a junction between bones

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1
Q

Joints are also called ______

A

Articulations

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2
Q

Function of joints

A
  • bind parts of skeletal system together
  • make bone growth possible
  • permits parts of skeleton to change during child birth
  • enables body to move in response to skeletal muscle contraction
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3
Q

How many classification of joints are there?

A

3

fibrous,cartilaginous,synovial

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4
Q

Characteristics of fibrous joints

A
  • dense CT connect bones,many collagenous fibers

- between bones in close contact

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5
Q

Characteristics of Cartilaginous Joints

A

-hyaline or fibrocartilage connect bone

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6
Q

Characteristics of synovial joints

A
  • most complex
  • allow free movement
  • consists of articular cartilage,a joint capsule, and the synovial membrane
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7
Q

Three groups that classify joints according to movement are:

A
  • synarthrotic: immovable
  • ampiarthrotic: slightly movable
  • diarthrotic: freely movable
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8
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

A
  • syndesmosis
  • suture
  • gomphosis
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9
Q

Characteristics of syndesmosis

A

-long fibers connect bones
-ampiarthrotic
Ex. Distal ends of tibia and fibula

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10
Q

Characteristics of Sutures

A

-synarthrotic
-thin layer of CT connecting bones
-fontanels allow skull to change shape slightly during birth
Ex. Between flat bones of skull

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11
Q

Characteristics of gomphosis

A

-synarthrotic
-cone-shaped bony process in a socket
-sttached by periodontal ligament
Ez
X. Tooth in jawbone

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12
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Syndochondrosis

Symphysis

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13
Q

Characteristics of Synchondrosis

A

-bands of hyaline cartilage
-temporary structures and disappearing during growth
-synarthrotic
Ex. Epiphyseal plate and between manubrium&1st rib

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14
Q

Characteristics of Symphysis

A

-articulating surface is covered with thin layer of hyaline cartilage and attached to a pad of fibrocartilage between bones
-amphiarthrotic
Ex. Pubis symphysis,joint between bodies of vertebrae

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15
Q

Characteristics of Synovial Joints

A
  • diarthrotic
  • outer layer of capsule is dense CT,inner layer is synovial membrane
  • ligaments enact to reinforce joint capsule
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16
Q

Characteristics of menisci

A

Discs of fibrocartilage and function to cushion articulating surfaces

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17
Q

Characteristics of Bursae

A
  • Act to cushion
  • Fluid-filled sacs occurring in synovial joints between skin and underlying bony prominences
  • help aid other movement of tendons gliding over other tendons
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18
Q

Composition of synovial joints

A
  • synovial fluid
  • joint capsule
  • synovial membrane (shiny,vascular layer of loose CT)
  • bursae acts as cushion in synovial joint (bursitis: inflammation of bursa sac)
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19
Q

Types of synovial joints

A
  • ball and socket
  • condyloid
  • gliding
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • saddle
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20
Q

Types of the ball and socket joint

A

Hip and shoulder

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21
Q

Type of the condyloid joint

A

Between metacarpal and phalange

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22
Q

Type of gliding joint

A

Between carpals and tarsals

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23
Q

Type of hinge joint

A

Elbow and between phalanges

24
Type of pivot joint
Between proximal ends of radius and ulna and between atlas and axis
25
Type of saddle joint
Between carpal and metacarpal in thumb
26
What is the origin
Primarily the immovable end (typically more proximal)
27
What is the insertion
Primarily movable end (typically more distal)
28
What is abduction and adduction
Away from midline/towards midline
29
Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
Foot up/footdown
30
Flexion/extension/hyperextension
Shortening of joint angle/lengthening of joint angle/going beyond extended joint state
31
Rotation/circumduction
Moving point about axis/moving in a circle
32
Supination/pronation
Palms up/palms down
33
Eversion/inversion
Soles away from midline/soles toward midline
34
Protraction/retraction
Push forward/push back(chin,shoulders)
35
Elevation/depression
Shrug/press down (shoulders,hip)
36
Characteristics of the shoulder joint
- ball and socket joint (humeral head and glenoid cavity) - very loose joint capsule which allows it a large ROM with instability - shoulder has large articulating surface and shallow glenoid cavity
37
4 shoulder ligaments preventing displacement:
- coracohumeral: connects coracoid process to humerus - glenohumeral: glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle - transverse humeral: between greater and lesser tubercles,holds bicep tendon - glenoid labrum: deepens cavity
38
4 major bursae of the shoulder joint
- subscapular - subdeltoid - subacromial - subcoracoid
39
The shoulder joint is most unstable in ______&_______.
abduction and external rotation
40
Characteristics of the elbow joint
- hinge joint between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna - gliding joint between capitulum of humerus and radial head - flexion and extension - many reinforcing ligaments - stable joint
41
UCL ligament of the elbow
Ulnar collateral ligament (medial ") - medial side - attaches medial epicondyle to coronoid process - attaches medial epicondyle to olecranon process
42
RCL of the elbow joint
Radial collateral ligament (lateral ") - lateral side and strengthens later wall of capsule - attaches lateral epicondyle to annular ligament - fatty pads protect non articular bony areas
43
The annular ligament covers the _____.
Radial head
44
Characteristics of the Hip joint
- ball and socket (femoral head and acetabulum) - heavy joint capsule - many reinforcing ligaments - less ROM than shoulder jt due to depth of muscles&ligaments
45
What is the acetabular ligament?
A ring of fibrocartilage that deepens cavity
46
Hip ligaments and their connections
iliofemoral: attaches AIIS to intertrochanteric line Pubofemoral: attaches superior portion of pubis to iliofemoral ligament ischiofemoral: attaches ischium to the joint capsule
48
Characteristics of Knee Joint
- largest and most complex - flexion/extension/little rotation - strengthened by many ligaments& tendons
49
Articulating Points of the Knee joint
- medial and lateral condyles of distal end of femur - medial and lateral condyles of proximal end of tibia - femur articulates anteriorly with patella
50
What bones are the condyloid joint of the knee?
femur and tibia
51
What bones are the gliding joint of the knee?
femur and patella
52
Knee ligaments outside of joint and connections:
- patellar lig: tibial tuberosity - Oblique popliteal: lateral femoral condyle to head of fibula - arcuate popliteal: lateral femoralcondyle to fibular head - tibial collateral (MCL): medial femoral condyle to medial condyle of tibia *medial side - fibular collateral (LCL): lateral femoral condyle to fibular head (lateral side)
53
Knee ligaments within the joint and connections:
- Anterior Cruciate (ACL): anterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral femoral condyle - Posterior Cruciate (PCL): posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial femoral condyle
54
What does the anterior cruciate (ACL) prevent?
the tibia to go forward
55
What ligament does the posterior cruciate (PCL) criss cross with and prevent?
with the anterior cruciate (ACL) and prevents tibia to go backward.
56
Menisci of the knee do what and are shaped like what?
C-shaped and separate femur and tibia and are medial and lateral
57
Bursae of the Knee
- suprapatellar - prepatellar - infrapatellar
58
Medial Ankle ligament and composition
- Deltoid: composed of 4 different "branches" | * strongest ligament of ankle ligaments
59
Lateral ankle ligaments & connections
- anterior talofibular: most commonly injured, talus to fibula - posterior talofibular: talus to fibula - calcaneofibular: calcaneus to fibula - anterior tibiofibular: tibia to fibula (high ankle sprain, with long recovery)

Anatomy (7 decks)

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