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Anatomy > Chapter 8 Joints > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Joints Flashcards

0
Q

A joint is _____ and _______.

A

Where bones meet and a junction between bones

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1
Q

Joints are also called ______

A

Articulations

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2
Q

Function of joints

A
  • bind parts of skeletal system together
  • make bone growth possible
  • permits parts of skeleton to change during child birth
  • enables body to move in response to skeletal muscle contraction
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3
Q

How many classification of joints are there?

A

3

fibrous,cartilaginous,synovial

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4
Q

Characteristics of fibrous joints

A
  • dense CT connect bones,many collagenous fibers

- between bones in close contact

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5
Q

Characteristics of Cartilaginous Joints

A

-hyaline or fibrocartilage connect bone

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6
Q

Characteristics of synovial joints

A
  • most complex
  • allow free movement
  • consists of articular cartilage,a joint capsule, and the synovial membrane
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7
Q

Three groups that classify joints according to movement are:

A
  • synarthrotic: immovable
  • ampiarthrotic: slightly movable
  • diarthrotic: freely movable
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8
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

A
  • syndesmosis
  • suture
  • gomphosis
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9
Q

Characteristics of syndesmosis

A

-long fibers connect bones
-ampiarthrotic
Ex. Distal ends of tibia and fibula

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10
Q

Characteristics of Sutures

A

-synarthrotic
-thin layer of CT connecting bones
-fontanels allow skull to change shape slightly during birth
Ex. Between flat bones of skull

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11
Q

Characteristics of gomphosis

A

-synarthrotic
-cone-shaped bony process in a socket
-sttached by periodontal ligament
Ez
X. Tooth in jawbone

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12
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Syndochondrosis

Symphysis

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13
Q

Characteristics of Synchondrosis

A

-bands of hyaline cartilage
-temporary structures and disappearing during growth
-synarthrotic
Ex. Epiphyseal plate and between manubrium&1st rib

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14
Q

Characteristics of Symphysis

A

-articulating surface is covered with thin layer of hyaline cartilage and attached to a pad of fibrocartilage between bones
-amphiarthrotic
Ex. Pubis symphysis,joint between bodies of vertebrae

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15
Q

Characteristics of Synovial Joints

A
  • diarthrotic
  • outer layer of capsule is dense CT,inner layer is synovial membrane
  • ligaments enact to reinforce joint capsule
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16
Q

Characteristics of menisci

A

Discs of fibrocartilage and function to cushion articulating surfaces

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17
Q

Characteristics of Bursae

A
  • Act to cushion
  • Fluid-filled sacs occurring in synovial joints between skin and underlying bony prominences
  • help aid other movement of tendons gliding over other tendons
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18
Q

Composition of synovial joints

A
  • synovial fluid
  • joint capsule
  • synovial membrane (shiny,vascular layer of loose CT)
  • bursae acts as cushion in synovial joint (bursitis: inflammation of bursa sac)
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19
Q

Types of synovial joints

A
  • ball and socket
  • condyloid
  • gliding
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • saddle
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20
Q

Types of the ball and socket joint

A

Hip and shoulder

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21
Q

Type of the condyloid joint

A

Between metacarpal and phalange

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22
Q

Type of gliding joint

A

Between carpals and tarsals

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23
Q

Type of hinge joint

A

Elbow and between phalanges

24
Q

Type of pivot joint

A

Between proximal ends of radius and ulna and between atlas and axis

25
Q

Type of saddle joint

A

Between carpal and metacarpal in thumb

26
Q

What is the origin

A

Primarily the immovable end (typically more proximal)

27
Q

What is the insertion

A

Primarily movable end (typically more distal)

28
Q

What is abduction and adduction

A

Away from midline/towards midline

29
Q

Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

A

Foot up/footdown

30
Q

Flexion/extension/hyperextension

A

Shortening of joint angle/lengthening of joint angle/going beyond extended joint state

31
Q

Rotation/circumduction

A

Moving point about axis/moving in a circle

32
Q

Supination/pronation

A

Palms up/palms down

33
Q

Eversion/inversion

A

Soles away from midline/soles toward midline

34
Q

Protraction/retraction

A

Push forward/push back(chin,shoulders)

35
Q

Elevation/depression

A

Shrug/press down (shoulders,hip)

36
Q

Characteristics of the shoulder joint

A
  • ball and socket joint (humeral head and glenoid cavity)
  • very loose joint capsule which allows it a large ROM with instability
  • shoulder has large articulating surface and shallow glenoid cavity
37
Q

4 shoulder ligaments preventing displacement:

A
  • coracohumeral: connects coracoid process to humerus
  • glenohumeral: glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle
  • transverse humeral: between greater and lesser tubercles,holds bicep tendon
  • glenoid labrum: deepens cavity
38
Q

4 major bursae of the shoulder joint

A
  • subscapular
  • subdeltoid
  • subacromial
  • subcoracoid
39
Q

The shoulder joint is most unstable in ______&_______.

A

abduction and external rotation

40
Q

Characteristics of the elbow joint

A
  • hinge joint between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna
  • gliding joint between capitulum of humerus and radial head
  • flexion and extension
  • many reinforcing ligaments
  • stable joint
41
Q

UCL ligament of the elbow

A

Ulnar collateral ligament (medial “)

  • medial side
  • attaches medial epicondyle to coronoid process
  • attaches medial epicondyle to olecranon process
42
Q

RCL of the elbow joint

A

Radial collateral ligament (lateral “)

  • lateral side and strengthens later wall of capsule
  • attaches lateral epicondyle to annular ligament
  • fatty pads protect non articular bony areas
43
Q

The annular ligament covers the _____.

A

Radial head

44
Q

Characteristics of the Hip joint

A
  • ball and socket (femoral head and acetabulum)
  • heavy joint capsule
  • many reinforcing ligaments
  • less ROM than shoulder jt due to depth of muscles&ligaments
45
Q

What is the acetabular ligament?

A

A ring of fibrocartilage that deepens cavity

46
Q

Hip ligaments and their connections

A

iliofemoral: attaches AIIS to intertrochanteric line
Pubofemoral: attaches superior portion of pubis to iliofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral: attaches ischium to the joint capsule

48
Q

Characteristics of Knee Joint

A
  • largest and most complex
  • flexion/extension/little rotation
  • strengthened by many ligaments& tendons
49
Q

Articulating Points of the Knee joint

A
  • medial and lateral condyles of distal end of femur
  • medial and lateral condyles of proximal end of tibia
  • femur articulates anteriorly with patella
50
Q

What bones are the condyloid joint of the knee?

A

femur and tibia

51
Q

What bones are the gliding joint of the knee?

A

femur and patella

52
Q

Knee ligaments outside of joint and connections:

A
  • patellar lig: tibial tuberosity
  • Oblique popliteal: lateral femoral condyle to head of fibula
  • arcuate popliteal: lateral femoralcondyle to fibular head
  • tibial collateral (MCL): medial femoral condyle to medial condyle of tibia *medial side
  • fibular collateral (LCL): lateral femoral condyle to fibular head (lateral side)
53
Q

Knee ligaments within the joint and connections:

A
  • Anterior Cruciate (ACL): anterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral femoral condyle
  • Posterior Cruciate (PCL): posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial femoral condyle
54
Q

What does the anterior cruciate (ACL) prevent?

A

the tibia to go forward

55
Q

What ligament does the posterior cruciate (PCL) criss cross with and prevent?

A

with the anterior cruciate (ACL) and prevents tibia to go backward.

56
Q

Menisci of the knee do what and are shaped like what?

A

C-shaped and separate femur and tibia and are medial and lateral

57
Q

Bursae of the Knee

A
  • suprapatellar
  • prepatellar
  • infrapatellar
58
Q

Medial Ankle ligament and composition

A
  • Deltoid: composed of 4 different “branches”

* strongest ligament of ankle ligaments

59
Q

Lateral ankle ligaments & connections

A
  • anterior talofibular: most commonly injured, talus to fibula
  • posterior talofibular: talus to fibula
  • calcaneofibular: calcaneus to fibula
  • anterior tibiofibular: tibia to fibula (high ankle sprain, with long recovery)

Anatomy (7 decks)

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